Ch 63

Question 1

complex malformation involving lower limb anomalies, spinal defect, anal atresia, and lower abdominal wall defect below the cord insertion involving exstrophy of the bladder and protrusion of the intestines

Answer 1

cloacal exstrophy

Question 2

failure of the testes to descend into the scrotum

Answer 2

cryptorchidism

Question 3

abnormal congenital opening of the male urethra on the top side of the penis

Answer 3

epispadias

Question 4

dilated renal pelvis in the fetus; most common fetal anomaly

Answer 4

fetal hydronephrosis

Question 5

ovarian mass that results from maternal hormone stimulation and is usually benign

Answer 5

fetal ovarian cyst

Question 6

condition in which both ovarian and testicular tissues are present

Answer 6

hermaphroditism

Question 7

forms when the inferior poles of the kidney fuse while they are in the pelvis

Answer 7

horseshoe kidney

Question 8

collection of fluid in the vagina and uterus

Answer 8

hydrometrocolpos

Question 9

dilated ureters

Answer 9

hydroureter

Question 10

abnormal congenital opening of the male urethra on the undersurface of the penis

Answer 10

hypospadias

Question 11

autosomal recessive disease that affects the fetal kidneys and liver; the kidneys are enlarged and echogenic on ultrasound

Answer 11

infantile polycystic kidney disease (IPKD)

Question 12

the level of the urethra where the urinary tract may become obstructed

Answer 12

megacystis

Question 13

dilation of the lower end of the ureter; the common presentation of ureterovesical junction obstruction

Answer 13

megaureter

Question 14

multiple cysts replace normal renal tissue throughout the kidney; usually causes renal obstruction

Answer 14

multicystic dysplastic kidney disease

Question 15

occurs when the kidney does not migrate upward into the retroperitoneal space

Answer 15

pelvic kidney

Question 16

occurs only in male fetuses; is manifested by the presence of a valve in the posterior urethra

Answer 16

posterior urethral valve

Question 17

term used to describe renal diseases other than renal agenesis that result in renal failure and facial or structural abnormalities caused by oligohydramnios

Answer 17

Potter’s sequence

Question 18

dilation of the fetal abdomen secondary to severe bilateral hydronephrosis and fetal ascites; fetus also has oligohydramnios and pulmonary hypoplasia

Answer 18

prune belly syndrome

Question 19

dilated renal pelvis without involvement of the calyces

Answer 19

pyelectasis

Question 20

renal system fails to develop

Answer 20

renal agenesis

Question 21

a small part of the lumen of the allantois that persists while the urachus forms

Answer 21

urachal cyst

Question 22

congenital outpouching of the distal ureter into the bladder

Answer 22

ureterocele

Question 23

junction of the ureter entering the renal pelvis; most common site of obstruction

Answer 23

ureteropelvic obstruction

Question 24

junction where the ureter enters the bladder

Answer 24

ureterovesical junction

Question 25

condition that causes a massively distended bladder (prune belly

Answer 25

urethral atresia