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LPN Pharmacology > Ch. 61 Introduction to Pharmacology > Flashcards

Ch. 61 Introduction to Pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

medication

A

a medicinal agent that modifies body functions

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2
Q

pharmacology

A

the science that deals with the origin, nature, chemistry, effects, and uses of medications

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3
Q

primary nursing obligation

A

“do no harm”

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4
Q

Five “schedules” of controlled substances

A

Schedule I: High potential for abuse; no accepted medical use (heroin, LSD; not kept in healthcare facilities or pharmacies)
Schedule II: High potential for abuse; severe dependence liability (narcotics, amphetamines, some barbiturates)
Schedule III: Lower potential for abuse than Schedule II drugs; moderate dependence liability (anabolic steroids, non-barbiturate sedatives, non-amphetamine stimulants)
Schedule IV: Lower potential for abuse than Schedule III drugs; limited dependence liability (some sedatives, anti anxiety agents, nonnarcotic analgesics)
Schedule V: Limited potential for abuse; primarily small amounts of narcotics (codeine) used as antitussives and antidiarrheals

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5
Q

Clients Rights to Medication

A 
verify:
Patient
Medication
Amount
Route
Time
Allergy
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6
Q

pharmacokinetics

A

actions of drugs

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7
Q

oral

A

administered by mouth

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8
Q

topical

A

applied to the skin or mucous membranes

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9
Q

inhalable

A

inhaled or breathed in

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10
Q

injectable

A

given via a needle

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11
Q

transdermal

A

applied to and absorbed through the skin (patch)

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12
Q

chemical name

A

describes the medication’s chemical composition

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13
Q

generic name

A

is often similar to the chemical name and is assigned by the medication’s first manufacturer

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14
Q

official name

A

the name identified in the USP (United States Pharmacopeia)

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15
Q

trade name or brand name

A

the copyrighted name assigned by he company manufacturing the medication and is usually followed by the symbol “R” or “TM”

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16
Q

agonist

A

a medication that produces a desired response

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17
Q

antagonist

A

a medication that has an opposing effect, or acts against another medication

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18
Q

synergistic or potentiating

A

a medication that enhances the effect of another medication

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19
Q

enteral

A

by mouth

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20
Q

parenterally

A

bypass the mouth; by some means other than the gastrointestinal tract

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21
Q

syrup

A

liquid that contains a sweetener

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22
Q

tincture

A

form of a liquid medication that contains alcohol

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23
Q

troche

A

medicated tablet that dissolves in the mouth

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24
Q

sublingual

A

under the tongue

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25
Q

translingual

A

on the tongue

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26
Q

transmucosal

A

tablet or gel is placed between the cheek and gum

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27
Q

tablet

A

compressed, spherical form of a medication

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28
Q

enteric-coated

A

coating on tablets that does not dissolve until the tablet reaches the intestine, because the medication can irritate the stomach mucosa

29
Q

caplet

A

tablet in the shape of a capsule

30
Q

SR

A

slow release

31
Q

DR

A

delayed release

32
Q

ER, XR

A

extended release

33
Q

IR

A

immediate release

34
Q

ODT

A

orally disintegrating tablet; solid, but dissolves very quickly when exposed to saliva in the client’s mouth

35
Q

semisolid medication

A

usually given by rectal, vaginal, or urethral routes.
Designed to melt at body temperature and are absorbed through mucosa or skin.
Suppositories are usually kept refrigerated, to maintain their shape

36
Q

MDI

A

metered-dose inhaler

37
Q

TD

A

transdermal; absorbed through the skin

38
Q

dose

A

a single amount of a medication administered to achieve a therapeutic effect

39
Q

dosage

A

contains the dose and scheduled times

40
Q

therapeutic dose

A

the amount of medication required to obtain a desired effect

41
Q

loading dose

A

larger than the usual continuing dose, may be given as the first dose of a newly prescribed medication to establish a minimum blood level

42
Q

maximal dose

A

largest amount that can be given safely without causing an adverse reaction or toxic effect

43
Q

toxic dose

A

the amount of medication that causes symptoms of poisoning or toxicity

44
Q

lethal dose

A

the amount of medication that will cause death

45
Q

paradoxical

A

the opposite of the desired response (to medication)

46
Q

prescription

A

written or verbal formula for preparing and giving a medication

47
Q

legend drug

A

a medicine that under federal law cannot be dispensed without a prescription from a licensed practitioner

48
Q

OTC

A

Over The Counter: medications that can be purchased without a prescription

49
Q

VORB

A

Verbal Order, Read Back

50
Q

TORB

A

Telephone Order, Read Back

51
Q

You are preparing to give a client his medications. He is alert, oriented, and sitting up in bed. The client states that he is allergic to one of the medications you are planning to give. What action should you take?

a. Ask a family member if the client is allergic to the medication.
b. give the client his medication.
c. give the medication later in the shift.
d. notify the team leader or provider and do not give the medication.

A

d. notify the team leader or provider and do not give the medication.

52
Q

A controlled substance that is medically accepted and has a high potential for abuse as well as severe dependence is which category of schedule substances?

a. I
b. II
c. III
d. IV

A

b. II

53
Q

Which of the following would the client have a right to request as a less expensive alternative to a prescription medication?

a. Advil
b. Genpril
c. Ibuprofen
d. Motrin

A

c. Ibuprofen

54
Q

Which route of medication would have the most rapid onset?

a. Intravenous
b. Transdermal patch
c. Oral tablet
d. Rectal

A

a. Intravenous

55
Q

You are preparing to give medications to a client and are unfamiliar with a medication. The most appropriate action would be:

a. Administer the medication now, as ordered.
b. Ask another nurse about the medication before giving the medication.
c. Ask the client if this medication is taken regularly by him or her.
d. Hold the medication until you look it up in a reference resource book.

A

d. Hold the medication until you look it up in a reference resource book.

56
Q

How many milliliters in a teaspoon?

A

5 mL

57
Q

How many teaspoons in a tablespoon?

A

3 tsp

58
Q

How many mL in an ounce?

A

30 mL

59
Q

How many ounces in a cup?

A

8 oz

60
Q

How many ounces in a pint?

A

16 oz

61
Q

How many mL in a cup?

A

240 mL

62
Q

How many pints in a quart?

A

2 pints

63
Q

How many pounds in a kilogram?

A

2.2 lb

64
Q

How many milligrams in a gram?

A

1000 mL

65
Q

How many grams in a kilogram?

A

1000 g

66
Q

The physician has ordered penicillin oral suspension 500mg. The medication available is 0.25g/5mL. How much medication will you administer with each dose?

A

10 mL

67
Q

How many milligrams in grain 1?

A

60 mg

68
Q

What is the abbreviation for drops?

A

gtt

69
Q

How many centimeters are in one inch?

A

2.54 cm

LPN Pharmacology (3 decks)

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