Ch. 61 Introduction to Pharmacology

Question 1

medication

Answer 1

a medicinal agent that modifies body functions

Question 2

pharmacology

Answer 2

the science that deals with the origin, nature, chemistry, effects, and uses of medications

Question 3

primary nursing obligation

Answer 3

“do no harm”

Question 4

Five “schedules” of controlled substances

Answer 4

Schedule I: High potential for abuse; no accepted medical use (heroin, LSD; not kept in healthcare facilities or pharmacies)
Schedule II: High potential for abuse; severe dependence liability (narcotics, amphetamines, some barbiturates)
Schedule III: Lower potential for abuse than Schedule II drugs; moderate dependence liability (anabolic steroids, non-barbiturate sedatives, non-amphetamine stimulants)
Schedule IV: Lower potential for abuse than Schedule III drugs; limited dependence liability (some sedatives, anti anxiety agents, nonnarcotic analgesics)
Schedule V: Limited potential for abuse; primarily small amounts of narcotics (codeine) used as antitussives and antidiarrheals

Question 5

Clients Rights to Medication

Answer 5

verify:
Patient
Medication
Amount
Route
Time
Allergy

Question 6

pharmacokinetics

Answer 6

actions of drugs

Question 7

oral

Answer 7

administered by mouth

Question 8

topical

Answer 8

applied to the skin or mucous membranes

Question 9

inhalable

Answer 9

inhaled or breathed in

Question 10

injectable

Answer 10

given via a needle

Question 11

transdermal

Answer 11

applied to and absorbed through the skin (patch)

Question 12

chemical name

Answer 12

describes the medication’s chemical composition

Question 13

generic name

Answer 13

is often similar to the chemical name and is assigned by the medication’s first manufacturer

Question 14

official name

Answer 14

the name identified in the USP (United States Pharmacopeia)

Question 15

trade name or brand name

Answer 15

the copyrighted name assigned by he company manufacturing the medication and is usually followed by the symbol “R” or “TM”

Question 16

agonist

Answer 16

a medication that produces a desired response

Question 17

antagonist

Answer 17

a medication that has an opposing effect, or acts against another medication

Question 18

synergistic or potentiating

Answer 18

a medication that enhances the effect of another medication

Question 19

enteral

Answer 19

by mouth

Question 20

parenterally

Answer 20

bypass the mouth; by some means other than the gastrointestinal tract

Question 21

syrup

Answer 21

liquid that contains a sweetener

Question 22

tincture

Answer 22

form of a liquid medication that contains alcohol

Question 23

troche

Answer 23

medicated tablet that dissolves in the mouth

Question 24

sublingual

Answer 24

under the tongue

Question 25

translingual

Answer 25

on the tongue

Question 26

transmucosal

Answer 26

tablet or gel is placed between the cheek and gum

Question 27

tablet

Answer 27

compressed, spherical form of a medication

Question 28

enteric-coated

Answer 28

coating on tablets that does not dissolve until the tablet reaches the intestine, because the medication can irritate the stomach mucosa

Question 29

caplet

Answer 29

tablet in the shape of a capsule

Question 30

SR

Answer 30

slow release

Question 31

DR

Answer 31

delayed release

Question 32

ER, XR

Answer 32

extended release

Question 33

IR

Answer 33

immediate release

Question 34

ODT

Answer 34

orally disintegrating tablet; solid, but dissolves very quickly when exposed to saliva in the client's mouth

Question 35

semisolid medication

Answer 35

usually given by rectal, vaginal, or urethral routes. Designed to melt at body temperature and are absorbed through mucosa or skin. Suppositories are usually kept refrigerated, to maintain their shape

Question 36

MDI

Answer 36

metered-dose inhaler

Question 37

TD

Answer 37

transdermal; absorbed through the skin

Question 38

dose

Answer 38

a single amount of a medication administered to achieve a therapeutic effect

Question 39

dosage

Answer 39

contains the dose and scheduled times

Question 40

therapeutic dose

Answer 40

the amount of medication required to obtain a desired effect

Question 41

loading dose

Answer 41

larger than the usual continuing dose, may be given as the first dose of a newly prescribed medication to establish a minimum blood level

Question 42

maximal dose

Answer 42

largest amount that can be given safely without causing an adverse reaction or toxic effect

Question 43

toxic dose

Answer 43

the amount of medication that causes symptoms of poisoning or toxicity

Question 44

lethal dose

Answer 44

the amount of medication that will cause death

Question 45

paradoxical

Answer 45

the opposite of the desired response (to medication)

Question 46

prescription

Answer 46

written or verbal formula for preparing and giving a medication

Question 47

legend drug

Answer 47

a medicine that under federal law cannot be dispensed without a prescription from a licensed practitioner

Question 48

OTC

Answer 48

Over The Counter: medications that can be purchased without a prescription

Question 49

VORB

Answer 49

Verbal Order, Read Back

Question 50

TORB

Answer 50

Telephone Order, Read Back

Question 51

You are preparing to give a client his medications. He is alert, oriented, and sitting up in bed. The client states that he is allergic to one of the medications you are planning to give. What action should you take? a. Ask a family member if the client is allergic to the medication. b. give the client his medication. c. give the medication later in the shift. d. notify the team leader or provider and do not give the medication.

Answer 51

d. notify the team leader or provider and do not give the medication.

Question 52

A controlled substance that is medically accepted and has a high potential for abuse as well as severe dependence is which category of schedule substances? a. I b. II c. III d. IV

Answer 52

b. II

Question 53

Which of the following would the client have a right to request as a less expensive alternative to a prescription medication? a. Advil b. Genpril c. Ibuprofen d. Motrin

Answer 53

c. Ibuprofen

Question 54

Which route of medication would have the most rapid onset? a. Intravenous b. Transdermal patch c. Oral tablet d. Rectal

Answer 54

a. Intravenous

Question 55

You are preparing to give medications to a client and are unfamiliar with a medication. The most appropriate action would be: a. Administer the medication now, as ordered. b. Ask another nurse about the medication before giving the medication. c. Ask the client if this medication is taken regularly by him or her. d. Hold the medication until you look it up in a reference resource book.

Answer 55

d. Hold the medication until you look it up in a reference resource book.

Question 56

How many milliliters in a teaspoon?

Answer 56

5 mL

Question 57

How many teaspoons in a tablespoon?

Answer 57

3 tsp

Question 58

How many mL in an ounce?

Answer 58

30 mL

Question 59

How many ounces in a cup?

Answer 59

8 oz

Question 60

How many ounces in a pint?

Answer 60

16 oz

Question 61

How many mL in a cup?

Answer 61

240 mL

Question 62

How many pints in a quart?

Answer 62

2 pints

Question 63

How many pounds in a kilogram?

Answer 63

2.2 lb

Question 64

How many milligrams in a gram?

Answer 64

1000 mL

Question 65

How many grams in a kilogram?

Answer 65

1000 g

Question 66

The physician has ordered penicillin oral suspension 500mg. The medication available is 0.25g/5mL. How much medication will you administer with each dose?

Answer 66

10 mL

Question 67

How many milligrams in grain 1?

Answer 67

60 mg

Question 68

What is the abbreviation for drops?

Answer 68

gtt

Question 69

How many centimeters are in one inch?

Answer 69

2.54 cm