ch 6 the skeletal system l: bone tissue

Question 1

cartilage

Answer 1

the embryonic forerunner of most bones and covers many joint surfaces

Question 2

ligaments

Answer 2

connective tissue holds bone to bone at the joint

Question 3

tendon

Answer 3

connective tissue attaches muscle to bone

Question 4

osteology

Answer 4

the study of bone

Question 5

appositional growth

Answer 5

growth in diameter and thickness, achieved by intramembranous ossification at the surface of the bone

Question 6

osteopenia

Answer 6

loss of bone

when severe it develops into osteoporosis

Question 7

stress fracture

Answer 7

caused by abnormal trauma

Question 8

pathological fracture

Answer 8

occurs in bone weakened by a disease such as osteoporosis

Question 9

closed

Answer 9

skin is not broken

simple fracture

Question 10

open

Answer 10

skin is broken; bone protrudes through skin or wound extends to fractured bones

compound fracture

Question 11

complete

Answer 11

bone is broken into two or more pieces

Question 12

incomplete

Answer 12

a partial fracture that extends only partway across bone; pieces remain joined

Question 13

nondisplaced

Answer 13

the portions of bone are still in the correct anatomical alignment

Question 14

displaced

Answer 14

the portions of bone are put of anatomical alignment

Question 15

comminuted

Answer 15

bone is broken into three or more pieces

Question 16

greenstick

Answer 16

bone is bent toward one side and has incomplete fracture on the opposite side

Question 17

hairline

Answer 17

fine crack in which sections of bone remain aligned; common in skull

Question 18

impacted

Answer 18

one bone fragment is driven into the marrow cavity or spongy bone of the other

Question 19

depressed

Answer 19

broken portion of bone forms a concavity, as in skull fractures

Question 20

linear

Answer 20

fracture parallel to long axis of bone

Question 21

transverse

Answer 21

fracture perpendicular to long axis of the bone

Question 22

oblique

Answer 22

diagonal fracture; between linear and transverse

Question 23

spiral

Answer 23

frasu re spirals around axis of long bone as the result of a twisting stress such as a skiing accident

Question 24

flat bone

Answer 24

thin and often curved

Question 25

long bone

Answer 25

rigid levers for movement

Question 26

short bone

Answer 26

semirounded and glide within joints

Question 27

irregular bone

Answer 27

complex shape

Question 28

compact bone

Answer 28

solid bone consist of osteon

Question 29

spongy bone

Answer 29

consist of spicules

rods and spines of bone

Question 30

trabeculae

Answer 30

thin plates of bones

Question 31

osteoblasts

Answer 31

bone forming cells

Question 32

osteocytes

Answer 32

mature bone cells

Question 33

lacunae

Answer 33

cavities that house osteocytes

Question 34

canaliculi

Answer 34

small canals that connect lacunae

Question 35

osteoclasts

Answer 35

bone dissolving macrophages