Ch 6 test Study cards Flashcards
Explain the differences between sexual and asexual reproduction and give examples.
Sexual Reproduction requires more than one organism. Asexual Reproduction requires only 1 organism. They also lack the adaptive nature gained over generations. Examples: (Asexual: Plants, Spider Plants, Bacteria) (Sexual: mammals, fish, birds)
Define and describe the differences between chromatin, chromatids, and centromeres.
The Chromatids attach to a chromosomes centromere. The division of each chromosome arm yields two chromatids. Centromere is the part of the chromosome to which chromatids are attached. Chromatin is the basis of chromosome function, it is made up of coiled and recoiled DNA.
Define Mitosis.
The process by which a cell duplicates its DNA, in order to generate two identical daughter cells.
Define Prophase. (Mitosis 1)
Chromosomes condense and become visible. Nuclear envelope and nucleolus disperse. Spindle apparatus forms.
Define Anaphase. (Mitosis 3)
Chromosomes move away from one another to opposite poles of the spindle.
Define Telophase. (Mitosis 4)
The final Phase of cell division, chromatids and chromosomes move to opposite ends of the cell and two nuclei are formed.
Define Interphase.
The resting phase between successive divisions of a cell, or between the first and second divisions of meiosis.
Define Cytokinesis.
The division of a cell at the end of mitosis or meiosis, bringing the separation into two daughter cells.
Identify reasons why a cell would undergo mitosis.
Restore dying cells.
Repair damaged cells.
Reproduce.
Explain the G1, S, G2, and M phases.
Interphase - (G1 = gap one. The newly formed daughter cell grows by adding cytoplasm and organelles. Some cells never divide and spend their entire lives in G1.) (S = Synthesis. The DNA is replicated in preparation for cell division.) (G2 = gap 2. The cell grows more to get rdy to divide.) (M= Mitosis. Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase.)
Explain the Cell Cycle.
Explain how Mitosis relates to Cancer.
