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NSO > Ch-6 Respiration In Organisms > Flashcards

Ch-6 Respiration In Organisms Flashcards

1
Q

What is the smallest and functional unit of an organism

A

Cell

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2
Q

Name Functions of the cell. (4)

A

Nutrition
Transportation
Excretion
Reproduction

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3
Q

To perform activities, what do cells need ?

A

Energy

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4
Q

Where does oxidation of nutrients take place?

A

Cells

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5
Q

What is respiration also called as ?

A

Cellular Respiration

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6
Q

Respiration is a ———————— process.

A

Biochemical

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7
Q

Types of Respiration

A

Aerobic and Anaerobic

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8
Q

In aerobic respiration breakdown of what takes place ?

A

Glucose

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9
Q

A large amount of—————— is released during aerobic respiration

A

Energy

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10
Q

Organisms that use aerobic respiration are called

A

Aerobes

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11
Q

Formula of aerobic respiration ?

A

C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 **————> **6 CO2 + 6H 2 O + Energy

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12
Q

When glucose is broken down without oxygen, then the process is called _________

A

Anaerobic Respiration

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13
Q

Organisms that perform Anaerobic Respiration

A

Anaerobes

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14
Q

In Anaerobic Respiration glucose and oxygen are broken down into ?

A

Ethyl Alcohol and CO2
OR
Lactic Acid

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15
Q

How much energy is released during Anaerobic Respiration ?

A

Very Little

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16
Q

Anaerobic Respiration Occurs in

A

Yeast, some bacteria and parasitic organisms such as Flatworms and Roundworms

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17
Q

In yeast glucose breaks down into

A

Ethyl alcohol and Carbon Dioxide

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18
Q

Yeast Respiration Formula

A

C 6H12O6 —–> 2C 2 H 5 OH + 2CO2 + e n e r g y

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19
Q

Anaerobic Respiration occurs in _________________ of humans for a _______________ time, where it produces ___________

A

Skeletal Muscle, Short, Lactic Acid

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20
Q

Anaerobic Respiration In Skeletal Muscles Equation

A

C 6 H 12 O 6 → 2 C 3 H 6 O 3 + e n e r g y

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21
Q

Why does Anaerobic Respiration take place in humans?

A

During rigorous Exercise, our body needs more O 2. However our body’s oxygen supply remains unchanged. Due to the temporary, deficiency of oxygen, Anaerobic Respiration takes place

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22
Q

Accumulation of lactic acid leads to

A

Muscle Fatigue

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23
Q

The process of anaerobic respiration is also called as

A

Fermentation

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24
Q

Parasitic Animals that respire anaerobically __________________

A

Roundworm and Flatworm

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25
Q

Yeast cells are used to make

A

Wine and Beer, and Rasing Dough

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26
Q

In what industries are yeast cells used

A

Brewing Industry, and Baking Industry

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27
Q

Accumulation of lactic acid in muscles causes

A

Muscle Cramps

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28
Q

How to get relief from cramps

A

Trough a hot bath or massage with lukewarm oil

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29
Q

Aerobes cannot live without what?

A

Oxygen

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30
Q

In anaerobic respiration is glucose broken down completely

A

NO

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31
Q

Two types of aerobic respiration

A

External and Internal Respiration

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32
Q

External Respiration is also called as

A

Breathing

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33
Q

Internal Respiration is also called as

A

Cellular Respiration

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34
Q

External Respiration is ___________ a dash process

A

Mechanical

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35
Q

External Respiration consists of

A

INHALING AND EXHALING

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36
Q

What is Internal Respiration

A

Exchange of gases between blood and blood cells

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37
Q

Breathing is a part of

A

Respiration

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38
Q

Inhalation and Exhalation occur ___________ and ___________________

A

Continuously and alternatively

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39
Q

No. of times a person breathes in minute is called as

A

Breathing Rate

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40
Q

Breathing Rate is also called as

A

Respiratory Rate

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41
Q

The no. of times the _______ rises is called the respiratory rate

A

Chest

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42
Q

When breathing rate slows down to the extent that we don’t get oxygen, then we feel

A

Sleepy / Drowsy

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43
Q

Normal Breathing Rate of an adult

A

16-18 per minute

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44
Q

Breathing Rate after Heavy Exercise

A

25 times per minute

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45
Q

Breathing Rate may increase during

A

fever, illness or other medical conditions

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46
Q

The Human Respiratory System Consists of

A

nostrils, nasal cavity, pharynx, voice box (larynx), Windpipe (Trachea), Bronchi and Lungs

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47
Q

Where are the lungs situated

A

Thoracic Cavity / Chest Cavity

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48
Q

The walls of the Thoracic cavity are supported by the

A

Ribs

49
Q

The floor of the thoracic cavity consists of

A

Diaphragm

50
Q

What is Diaphragm

A

Dome shaped sleet of muscles

51
Q

Where are the vocal cords located

A

In the larynx

52
Q

Two pair of vocal cords are-

A

True vocal cords and False vocal cords

53
Q

Why do vocal cords vibrate slower in Males than in Females ? What does it result in ?

A

Thicker and Longer Vocal Cords are present in Men. This causes LOWER RANGE of pitch than women

54
Q

The long requires air which is

A

Moist, Warm and Clean

55
Q

The air that we breath in is Moistened by a substance. What is that substance? Where is it located?

A

It is moistened by the SLIMY MUCUS present in the INNER LINING OF OUR NOSE

56
Q

How Does The Air Become Warm

A

Air Becomes Warm By The Blood Vessels Present In Our Nose

57
Q

What things are present in our nose that trap dirt, dust particles and disease causing germs

A

Mucus, Hair Present Inside our nose

58
Q

The Windpipe, branches into two parts called as

A

Bronchi ( singular: bronchus )

59
Q

Bronchi lead to their respective

A

Lungs

60
Q

Inside the lungs the Bronchi further divide into

A

Bronchioles

61
Q

Where do the bronchioles end up

A

Air Sacks

62
Q

What are the Air Sacks also called as

A

Alveoli

63
Q

Air sacks are richly supplied with

A

Blood Vessels

64
Q

The Blood Vessels Present in Alveolus are called as

A

Alveolar Capillaries

65
Q

The oxygen present in the air we breathe in, enters the blood contained by

A

Alveolar Capillaries

66
Q

Exchange of gases takes place in

A

Alveoli

67
Q

How man ALVIOLI are present in the lungs

A

750 million

68
Q

Total Surface Area of these alveoli

A

100 meter 2

69
Q

If some foreign particles irritate our nasal cavity the we

A

COUGH or SNEEZE

70
Q

How is O2 supplied to the affected person, in ARTIFICIAL RESPIRATION ?

A

Through Ventilator

71
Q

Describe Lungs

A

Soft, Spongy and elastic organs

72
Q

Color of lungs

A

PINK

73
Q

Where are the lungs enclosed

A

pleural membranes

74
Q

Lungs have __________ in between them

A

pleural fluid

75
Q

The left lung is ______ than the right lung

A

smaller

76
Q

Why is the left lung smaller than the right lung ?

A

It has a CARDIAC NOTCH to allow space for the heart

77
Q

When does a baby take its first breath.

A

10 seconds after it’s birth

78
Q

Write the formula of respiratory quotient

A

RQ= Vol. of CO2 evolved/ Vol. of O2 absorbed

79
Q

What are Respiratory Substrates ?

A

Substances which are oxidized during Respiration

80
Q

What pulls the organs upward during Inhalation

A

EXTERNAL INTERCOSTAL MUSCLES

81
Q

Inhaled air oxygen amounts

A

21%

82
Q

Inhaled air Carbon Dioxide Amounts

A

0.04%

83
Q

Exhaled air Oxygen Amounts

A

16.4%

84
Q

Exhaled air Carbon Dioxide amounts

A

4.4%

85
Q

Bronchial Asthma causes

A

Allergen Reaction

86
Q

Symptoms of Bronchial Asthma

A

Coughing, Wheezing and Difficulty in breathing

87
Q

What happens in Bronchial Asthma ?

A

Excess amount of which may clog the respiratory tract

88
Q

What Happens in Bronchitis ?

A

Inflammation in Bronchi

89
Q

Causes of Bronchitis

A

Caused by CIGARETTE SMOKING, and an exposure to AIR POLLUTANTS

90
Q

Symptoms of Bronchitis

A

Coughing with Thick Greenish Yellow Sputum

91
Q

Prevention Of Bronchitis

A

Avoiding Smoke, chemicals and pollutants

92
Q

What is the formula of Carbon Monoxide

A

CO

93
Q

Does Oxygen or Carbon Monoxide combine more readily with hemoglobin ?

A

Carbon Monoxide

94
Q

When Carbon Monoxide and Hemoglobin combine, what is formed?

A

carboxy-hemoglobin

95
Q

What is the symptom of Presence of Carboxy Hemoglobin called

A

Carbon Monoxide Poisoning

96
Q

What does CO Poisoning cause

A

Headache, Nausea, Dizziness, Paralysis and even DEATH

97
Q

Due to CO Poisening low supply of what occurs

A

Oxygen

Boy, Anirudh anna zindabad

98
Q

Organisms that perform Tracheal Respiration

A

cockroach, housefly, grasshopper

99
Q

What are the openings on the body of organisms that perform Tracheal Respiration called as ?

A

Spiracles

100
Q

These spiracles are connected to tubes called as

A

Tracheae

101
Q

Tracheae are further branched into smaller tubes called as :-

A

Tracheoles

102
Q

Tracheoles are in contact with ___________

A

Body’s Cells

103
Q

________ rushes through spiracles into tracheae and tracheoles

A

Oxygen rich air

104
Q

Respiration through skin is called

A

Cutaneous Respiration

105
Q

The organisms that respire through Cutaneous Respiration.

A

Hydra and Earthworm

106
Q

In cutaneous respiration what happens ?

A

diffusion through moist outer surface

107
Q

How does the skin of Earthworm feel like

A

Moist and slimy to touch

108
Q

Where does diffusion through cell membrane take place ?

A

In Unicellular Organisms ( Amoeba and Paramecium )

109
Q

When a frog is inside water it respires through-

A

Respires completely through skin

110
Q

In fish __________ are the most prominent respiratory organs

A

Gills

111
Q

Gills are the projections of the __________ made up of a large number of __________ are richly supplied with ________________

A

SKIN, GILL FILAMENTS, BLOOD CAPILLARIES

112
Q

Define Buccopharyngeal Respiration

A

During this mode of respiration, the mouth and the glottis are tightly closed while nares are kept close

113
Q

When does Buccopharyngeal Respiration take place ?

A

It takes place in when the frog is partially submerged in water

114
Q

What is the other name of nostril

A

naris

115
Q

Each ____________ leads to a ___________ which opens up into the ___________ by an ______________ (FROG)

A

EXTERNAL NARIS, NASAL CHAMBER, BUCCOPHARYNGEAL CAVITY, and INTERNAL NARIS

116
Q

Guard Cells are shaped like

A

Kidneys

117
Q

Rate of exchange of gases is much ___________ in plants than in animals.

A

slower

118
Q

——– are the small pores present on the bark of the stem, which also help in respiration

A

Lenticles

119
Q
A

NSO (3 decks)

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