Ch-6 Respiration In Organisms Flashcards
What is the smallest and functional unit of an organism
Cell
Name Functions of the cell. (4)
Nutrition
Transportation
Excretion
Reproduction
To perform activities, what do cells need ?
Energy
Where does oxidation of nutrients take place?
Cells
What is respiration also called as ?
Cellular Respiration
Respiration is a ———————— process.
Biochemical
Types of Respiration
Aerobic and Anaerobic
In aerobic respiration breakdown of what takes place ?
Glucose
A large amount of—————— is released during aerobic respiration
Energy
Organisms that use aerobic respiration are called
Aerobes
Formula of aerobic respiration ?
C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 **————> **6 CO2 + 6H 2 O + Energy
When glucose is broken down without oxygen, then the process is called _________
Anaerobic Respiration
Organisms that perform Anaerobic Respiration
Anaerobes
In Anaerobic Respiration glucose and oxygen are broken down into ?
Ethyl Alcohol and CO2
OR
Lactic Acid
How much energy is released during Anaerobic Respiration ?
Very Little
Anaerobic Respiration Occurs in
Yeast, some bacteria and parasitic organisms such as Flatworms and Roundworms
In yeast glucose breaks down into
Ethyl alcohol and Carbon Dioxide
Yeast Respiration Formula
C 6H12O6 —–> 2C 2 H 5 OH + 2CO2 + e n e r g y
Anaerobic Respiration occurs in _________________ of humans for a _______________ time, where it produces ___________
Skeletal Muscle, Short, Lactic Acid
Anaerobic Respiration In Skeletal Muscles Equation
C 6 H 12 O 6 → 2 C 3 H 6 O 3 + e n e r g y
Why does Anaerobic Respiration take place in humans?
During rigorous Exercise, our body needs more O 2. However our body’s oxygen supply remains unchanged. Due to the temporary, deficiency of oxygen, Anaerobic Respiration takes place
Accumulation of lactic acid leads to
Muscle Fatigue
The process of anaerobic respiration is also called as
Fermentation
Parasitic Animals that respire anaerobically __________________
Roundworm and Flatworm
Yeast cells are used to make
Wine and Beer, and Rasing Dough
In what industries are yeast cells used
Brewing Industry, and Baking Industry
Accumulation of lactic acid in muscles causes
Muscle Cramps
How to get relief from cramps
Trough a hot bath or massage with lukewarm oil
Aerobes cannot live without what?
Oxygen
In anaerobic respiration is glucose broken down completely
NO
Two types of aerobic respiration
External and Internal Respiration
External Respiration is also called as
Breathing
Internal Respiration is also called as
Cellular Respiration
External Respiration is ___________ a dash process
Mechanical
External Respiration consists of
INHALING AND EXHALING
What is Internal Respiration
Exchange of gases between blood and blood cells
Breathing is a part of
Respiration
Inhalation and Exhalation occur ___________ and ___________________
Continuously and alternatively
No. of times a person breathes in minute is called as
Breathing Rate
Breathing Rate is also called as
Respiratory Rate
The no. of times the _______ rises is called the respiratory rate
Chest
When breathing rate slows down to the extent that we don’t get oxygen, then we feel
Sleepy / Drowsy
Normal Breathing Rate of an adult
16-18 per minute
Breathing Rate after Heavy Exercise
25 times per minute
Breathing Rate may increase during
fever, illness or other medical conditions
The Human Respiratory System Consists of
nostrils, nasal cavity, pharynx, voice box (larynx), Windpipe (Trachea), Bronchi and Lungs
Where are the lungs situated
Thoracic Cavity / Chest Cavity
The walls of the Thoracic cavity are supported by the
Ribs
The floor of the thoracic cavity consists of
Diaphragm
What is Diaphragm
Dome shaped sleet of muscles
Where are the vocal cords located
In the larynx
Two pair of vocal cords are-
True vocal cords and False vocal cords
Why do vocal cords vibrate slower in Males than in Females ? What does it result in ?
Thicker and Longer Vocal Cords are present in Men. This causes LOWER RANGE of pitch than women
The long requires air which is
Moist, Warm and Clean
The air that we breath in is Moistened by a substance. What is that substance? Where is it located?
It is moistened by the SLIMY MUCUS present in the INNER LINING OF OUR NOSE
How Does The Air Become Warm
Air Becomes Warm By The Blood Vessels Present In Our Nose
What things are present in our nose that trap dirt, dust particles and disease causing germs
Mucus, Hair Present Inside our nose
The Windpipe, branches into two parts called as
Bronchi ( singular: bronchus )
Bronchi lead to their respective
Lungs
Inside the lungs the Bronchi further divide into
Bronchioles
Where do the bronchioles end up
Air Sacks
What are the Air Sacks also called as
Alveoli
Air sacks are richly supplied with
Blood Vessels
The Blood Vessels Present in Alveolus are called as
Alveolar Capillaries
The oxygen present in the air we breathe in, enters the blood contained by
Alveolar Capillaries
Exchange of gases takes place in
Alveoli
How man ALVIOLI are present in the lungs
750 million
Total Surface Area of these alveoli
100 meter 2
If some foreign particles irritate our nasal cavity the we
COUGH or SNEEZE
How is O2 supplied to the affected person, in ARTIFICIAL RESPIRATION ?
Through Ventilator
Describe Lungs
Soft, Spongy and elastic organs
Color of lungs
PINK
Where are the lungs enclosed
pleural membranes
Lungs have __________ in between them
pleural fluid
The left lung is ______ than the right lung
smaller
Why is the left lung smaller than the right lung ?
It has a CARDIAC NOTCH to allow space for the heart
When does a baby take its first breath.
10 seconds after it’s birth
Write the formula of respiratory quotient
RQ= Vol. of CO2 evolved/ Vol. of O2 absorbed
What are Respiratory Substrates ?
Substances which are oxidized during Respiration
What pulls the organs upward during Inhalation
EXTERNAL INTERCOSTAL MUSCLES
Inhaled air oxygen amounts
21%
Inhaled air Carbon Dioxide Amounts
0.04%
Exhaled air Oxygen Amounts
16.4%
Exhaled air Carbon Dioxide amounts
4.4%
Bronchial Asthma causes
Allergen Reaction
Symptoms of Bronchial Asthma
Coughing, Wheezing and Difficulty in breathing
What happens in Bronchial Asthma ?
Excess amount of which may clog the respiratory tract
What Happens in Bronchitis ?
Inflammation in Bronchi
Causes of Bronchitis
Caused by CIGARETTE SMOKING, and an exposure to AIR POLLUTANTS
Symptoms of Bronchitis
Coughing with Thick Greenish Yellow Sputum
Prevention Of Bronchitis
Avoiding Smoke, chemicals and pollutants
What is the formula of Carbon Monoxide
CO
Does Oxygen or Carbon Monoxide combine more readily with hemoglobin ?
Carbon Monoxide
When Carbon Monoxide and Hemoglobin combine, what is formed?
carboxy-hemoglobin
What is the symptom of Presence of Carboxy Hemoglobin called
Carbon Monoxide Poisoning
What does CO Poisoning cause
Headache, Nausea, Dizziness, Paralysis and even DEATH
Due to CO Poisening low supply of what occurs
Oxygen
Boy, Anirudh anna zindabad
Organisms that perform Tracheal Respiration
cockroach, housefly, grasshopper
What are the openings on the body of organisms that perform Tracheal Respiration called as ?
Spiracles
These spiracles are connected to tubes called as
Tracheae
Tracheae are further branched into smaller tubes called as :-
Tracheoles
Tracheoles are in contact with ___________
Body’s Cells
________ rushes through spiracles into tracheae and tracheoles
Oxygen rich air
Respiration through skin is called
Cutaneous Respiration
The organisms that respire through Cutaneous Respiration.
Hydra and Earthworm
In cutaneous respiration what happens ?
diffusion through moist outer surface
How does the skin of Earthworm feel like
Moist and slimy to touch
Where does diffusion through cell membrane take place ?
In Unicellular Organisms ( Amoeba and Paramecium )
When a frog is inside water it respires through-
Respires completely through skin
In fish __________ are the most prominent respiratory organs
Gills
Gills are the projections of the __________ made up of a large number of __________ are richly supplied with ________________
SKIN, GILL FILAMENTS, BLOOD CAPILLARIES
Define Buccopharyngeal Respiration
During this mode of respiration, the mouth and the glottis are tightly closed while nares are kept close
When does Buccopharyngeal Respiration take place ?
It takes place in when the frog is partially submerged in water
What is the other name of nostril
naris
Each ____________ leads to a ___________ which opens up into the ___________ by an ______________ (FROG)
EXTERNAL NARIS, NASAL CHAMBER, BUCCOPHARYNGEAL CAVITY, and INTERNAL NARIS
Guard Cells are shaped like
Kidneys
Rate of exchange of gases is much ___________ in plants than in animals.
slower
——– are the small pores present on the bark of the stem, which also help in respiration
Lenticles
