Ch. 6 - Morphology Flashcards
Define “Morphology”
The study of the forms of things
What’s a “Morpheme”
A minimal unit of meaning or grammatical function
Known as Morphemes that can stand by themselves as single words
Free Morphemes
ex: new, tour
Known as morphemes that can’t stand by themselves as single words, and are typically attached to another form
Bound Morphemes
ex: re- -ist -ed -s
What are the two types of Free Morphemes?
Lexical
Functional
What’s a Functional Morpheme?
Described as a “closed” class of words, which are never added to a language
examples: ( a, the, and, because, on, near, it, me)
What’s a Lexical Morpheme?
Includes words that “carry” the content of the messages we convey.
examples: ( girl, house, break, sit, long, sad)
We can add these types of morphemes to a language quite easily, unlike Functional Morphemes.
What are the two types of Bound Morphemes?
Derivational
Inflectional
What are Derivational Morphemes?
A type of Bound Morpheme used to make new words or to make words of a different grammatical category
example: ( “-ment” added onto “encourage” create “encouragement)
(adding “-ify” to “class” makes “classify”)
What are Inflectional Morphemes?
A type of Bound Morpheme used to indicate the grammatical function of a word. It never changes the grammatical category of a word.
example: ( -ed, -s, ‘s, -ism, -er, -ing)
What’s a “Morph”??
An actual form used as part of a word, representing one version of a Morpheme
What’s an Allomorph?
One of a closely related set of Morphs
(ex:) “cats” - allomorph is /-s/
“dogs” - allomorph is /-z/
“horses” - allomorph is /-əz/
