CH. 6 LESSON 1: THE CARDIORESPIRATORY SYSTEM

Question 1

The space in the chest between the lungs that contains all the internal organs of the chest (e.g., heart, esophagus) except the lungs.

Answer 1

Mediastinum

Question 2

Muscle of the heart.

Answer 2

Cardiac Muscle

Question 3

The type of muscle tissue that connects to bones and generates the forces that create movement.

Answer 3

Skeletal Muscle

Question 4

An involuntary non-striated muscle type that is found in organs.

Answer 4

Smooth Muscle

Question 5

The contractile components of a muscle cell; the myofilaments (actin and myosin) are contained within it.

Answer 5

Myofibril

Question 6

The structural unit of a myofibril, composed of actin and myosin filaments between two Z-lines.

Answer 6

Sarcomere

Question 7

Superior chamber(s) of the heart that gathers blood returning to the heart.

Answer 7

Atrium (atria)

Question 8

Inferior chamber of the heart that pumps blood to the lungs and body.

Answer 8

Ventricle

Question 9

Circulation of Blood Through Heart

Answer 9

1) body –> 2) inferior/superior vena cava –> 3) right atrium –> 4) tricuspid valve –> 5) right ventricle –> 6) pulmonary arteries –> 7) lungs –> 8) pulmonary veins –> 9) left atrium –> 10) mitral or bicuspid valve –> 11) left ventricle –> 12) aortic valve –> 13) aorta –> 14) body.

Question 10

Found in the heart, these formations help hold together muscle cells.

Answer 10

Intercalated Discs

Question 11

The number of heart beats per minute while at complete rest.

Answer 11

Resting Heart Rate (RHR)

Question 12

Located in the right atrium, this node initiates an electrical signal that causes the heart to beat.

Answer 12

Sinoatrial (SA) Node

Question 13

Located between the atria and ventricles, this node delays the impulse from the sinoatrial node before allowing it to pass to the ventricles.

Answer 13

Atrioventricular (AV) Node

Question 14

The amount of blood pumped out of the heart with each contraction. (EDV-ESV)

Answer 14

Stroke Volume

Question 15

The filled volume of the ventricle before contraction.

Answer 15

End-diastolic Volume

Question 16

The volume of blood remaining in the ventricle after ejection.

Answer 16

End-systolic Volume

Question 17

The measurement of the number of times a heart beats within a specified time period (usually 1 minute).

Answer 17

Heart Rate (HR)

Question 18

When the heart rate is less than 60 beats per minute.

Answer 18

Bradycardia

Question 19

When the heart rate is greater than 100 beats per minute.

Answer 19

Tachycardia

Question 20

The overall performance of the heart (heart rate × stroke volume).

Answer 20

Cardiac Output (Q)

Question 21

Fluid that circulates in the heart, arteries, capillaries, and veins; it carries nutrients and oxygen to all parts of the body and also transports waste products from the body to other compartments or organs for either processing (e.g., liver) or excretion (e.g., kidney).

Answer 21

Blood

Question 22

Substances within the blood that attach to cells, aid in growth and development, and help with healing after injury

Answer 22

Growth Factors

Question 23

Cells within the body that divide and develop into specialized cells, such as brain cells, blood cells, heart cells, and bone cells.

Answer 23

Stem Cells

Question 24

Network of hollow tubes that circulates blood throughout the body.

Answer 24

Blood Vessels

Question 25

They carry blood away from the heart and to the lungs.

Answer 25

Arteries

Question 26

The smallest blood vessels and the site of exchange of elements between the blood and the tissues.

Answer 26

Capillaries

Question 27

Vessels that carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart and then to the lungs.

Answer 27

Veins

Question 28

Small arteries that eventually divide into capillaries.

Answer 28

Arterioles

Question 29

Small veins that allow blood to drain from capillaries into the larger veins.

Answer 29

Venules

Question 30

The formation of new capillaries.

Answer 30

Vasculogenesis

Question 31

The formation of new capillaries from existing blood vessels.

Answer 31

Angiogenesis

Question 32

The accumulation of blood into the extremities due to slow blood flow though the veins (venous return) or backflow.

Answer 32

Venuous Pooling

Question 33

The outward pressure exerted by the blood on the vessel walls; reported as systolic/ diastolic.

Answer 33

Blood Pressure (BP)

Question 34

The amount of resistance in the arteries that must be overcome for blood to flow.

Answer 34

Peripheral Resistance

Question 35

Consistently elevated blood pressure.

Answer 35

Hypertension