CH. 6 LESSON 1: THE CARDIORESPIRATORY SYSTEM Flashcards
The space in the chest between the lungs that contains all the internal organs of the chest (e.g., heart, esophagus) except the lungs.
Mediastinum
Muscle of the heart.
Cardiac Muscle
The type of muscle tissue that connects to bones and generates the forces that create movement.
Skeletal Muscle
An involuntary non-striated muscle type that is found in organs.
Smooth Muscle
The contractile components of a muscle cell; the myofilaments (actin and myosin) are contained within it.
Myofibril
The structural unit of a myofibril, composed of actin and myosin filaments between two Z-lines.
Sarcomere
Superior chamber(s) of the heart that gathers blood returning to the heart.
Atrium (atria)
Inferior chamber of the heart that pumps blood to the lungs and body.
Ventricle
Circulation of Blood Through Heart
1) body –> 2) inferior/superior vena cava –> 3) right atrium –> 4) tricuspid valve –> 5) right ventricle –> 6) pulmonary arteries –> 7) lungs –> 8) pulmonary veins –> 9) left atrium –> 10) mitral or bicuspid valve –> 11) left ventricle –> 12) aortic valve –> 13) aorta –> 14) body.
Found in the heart, these formations help hold together muscle cells.
Intercalated Discs
The number of heart beats per minute while at complete rest.
Resting Heart Rate (RHR)
Located in the right atrium, this node initiates an electrical signal that causes the heart to beat.
Sinoatrial (SA) Node
Located between the atria and ventricles, this node delays the impulse from the sinoatrial node before allowing it to pass to the ventricles.
Atrioventricular (AV) Node
The amount of blood pumped out of the heart with each contraction. (EDV-ESV)
Stroke Volume
The filled volume of the ventricle before contraction.
End-diastolic Volume
The volume of blood remaining in the ventricle after ejection.
End-systolic Volume
The measurement of the number of times a heart beats within a specified time period (usually 1 minute).
Heart Rate (HR)
When the heart rate is less than 60 beats per minute.
Bradycardia
When the heart rate is greater than 100 beats per minute.
Tachycardia
The overall performance of the heart (heart rate × stroke volume).
Cardiac Output (Q)
Fluid that circulates in the heart, arteries, capillaries, and veins; it carries nutrients and oxygen to all parts of the body and also transports waste products from the body to other compartments or organs for either processing (e.g., liver) or excretion (e.g., kidney).
Blood
Substances within the blood that attach to cells, aid in growth and development, and help with healing after injury
Growth Factors
Cells within the body that divide and develop into specialized cells, such as brain cells, blood cells, heart cells, and bone cells.
Stem Cells
Network of hollow tubes that circulates blood throughout the body.
Blood Vessels
They carry blood away from the heart and to the lungs.
Arteries
The smallest blood vessels and the site of exchange of elements between the blood and the tissues.
Capillaries
Vessels that carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart and then to the lungs.
Veins
Small arteries that eventually divide into capillaries.
Arterioles
Small veins that allow blood to drain from capillaries into the larger veins.
Venules
The formation of new capillaries.
Vasculogenesis
The formation of new capillaries from existing blood vessels.
Angiogenesis
The accumulation of blood into the extremities due to slow blood flow though the veins (venous return) or backflow.
Venuous Pooling
The outward pressure exerted by the blood on the vessel walls; reported as systolic/ diastolic.
Blood Pressure (BP)
The amount of resistance in the arteries that must be overcome for blood to flow.
Peripheral Resistance
Consistently elevated blood pressure.
Hypertension
