Ch. 6 Key Terms

Question 0

Antagonist

Answer 0

A drug that inhibits a specific action by binding with a particular receptor.

Question 1

Agonist

Answer 1

A drug that brings about a specific action by binding with appropriate receptor.

Question 2

Atony

Answer 2

The absence or lack of normal tone or strength.

Question 3

Catecholamine

Answer 3

The class of neurotransmitters that includes dopamine, epinephrine, and norepinephrine. When given therapeutically, catecholamines mimic the effects of stimulating the sympathetic nervous system.

Question 4

Detrusor

Answer 4

The smooth muscle of the urinary bladder that is mainly responsible for emptying the bladder during urination.

Question 5

Destructor areflexia

Answer 5

The absence of detrusor contractions.

Question 6

Erythropoiesis

Answer 6

The formation of erythrocytes.

Question 7

Erythropoietin

Answer 7

A glycoprotein hormone secreted mainly by the kidney; it acts on stems cells of the bone marrow to stimulate red blood cell production.

Question 8

Hematuria

Answer 8

Blood in the urine.

Question 9

Hypertension

Answer 9

Persistently high blood pressure.

Question 10

Hypertonus

Answer 10

The state characterized by an increased tonicity or tension.

Question 11

Hypokalemia

Answer 11

An excess of potassium within the bloodstream.

Question 12

Lower motor neurons

Answer 12

Peripheral neurons whose cell bodies lie in the central gray columns of the spinal cord and whose terminations lie in skeletal muscle. A sufficient number of lesions of lower motor neurons cause muscles supplied by the nerve to atrophy, resulting in weak reflexes and flaccid paralysis.

Question 13

Nephrology

Answer 13

The study of the urinary (renal) system.

Question 14

Nephron

Answer 14

The basic functional unit of the kidney.

Question 15

Polydipsia

Answer 15

Excessive thirst manifested by increased water consumption.

Question 16

Polyuria

Answer 16

Excessive urination

Question 17

Retroperitoneal

Answer 17

Located behind the peritoneum.

Question 18

Upper motor neurons

Answer 18

Neurons in the cerebral cortex that conduct impulses from the motor cortex to the motor nuclei of the cerebral nerves or to the ventral gray columns of the spinal column. A sufficient number of lesions of upper motor neurons interrupt the inhibitory effect that upper motor neurons have on a lower motor neurons, resulting in exaggerated or hyperactive reflexes.

Question 19

Uremia

Answer 19

Abnormally high concentrations of urea, creatinine, and other nitrogenous end products of protein and amino acid metabolism in the blood.

Question 20

Urinary incontinence

Answer 20

Lack of voluntary control over the normal excretion of urine.

Question 21

Urinary tract infection (UTI)

Answer 21

Infection of the urinary tract. Infection may be localized or may effect the entire urinary tract.