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ex physio exam 2 > ch 6 fatiuge muscle soreness and muscle cramps > Flashcards

ch 6 fatiuge muscle soreness and muscle cramps Flashcards

1
Q

definition of fatigue

A

decrement in muscular performance with continued effort coupled with general sensations of tiredness

inability to maintain required power output to continue muscular work at a given intensity

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2
Q

2 major divisions of the causes of fatigue

A

central and peripheral

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3
Q

what is central fatigue

A

alterations in neural control of muscle contraction

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4
Q

what are the 3 causes of peripheral fatigue

A

decreased rate of energy delivery

accumulation of metabolic byproducts

failure of muscle fibers contractile mechanisms

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5
Q

what 2 things can deplete that cause peripheral fatigue

A

PCr and glycogen

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6
Q

as you do more maximal repeated contractions what happens to PCr levels

A

they decrease

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7
Q

muscle glycogen is the predominant fuel for activities _____ 10/15 seconds (not counting aerobic)

A

greater than

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8
Q

rate of glycogen depletion during exercise, is faster _____ during the duration of exercise

A

earlier on

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9
Q

glycogen depletion correlates strongly with what

A

fatigue

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10
Q

depletion of muscle glycogen interferes with what

A

excitation-contraction coupling and Calcium release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum

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11
Q

how does ATP generation and glycogen correlate

A

low glycogen, slow atp generation

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12
Q

the first fibers recruited during exercise are also the first to be ____ of glycogen

A

depleted

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13
Q

different types of activities will deplete ______ muscle groups at ______ rates

A

different, varying

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14
Q

the feeling of glycogen depletion is usually

A

mental, however actual glycogen depletion is linked with fatigue

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15
Q

what are the 3 metabolic by-products most associated with fatigue

A

inorganic phosphate, lactic acid (lies) , and H+

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16
Q

inorganic phosphate _____ during what kind of exercise as PCr and ATP is broken down?

A

increases, during short and intense exercise

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17
Q

what does high concentrations of inorganic phosphate do that contributes to fatigue?

A

impairs contractile function of myofibrils

reduces Calcium release from sarcoplasmic reticulm

inhibits ATP breakdown (due to negative feedback loop)

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18
Q

lactic acid is produced where?

A

cytoplasm

19
Q

lactic acid only accumulates during what kind of effort

A

breif, highly intense effort

20
Q

what does lactic acid do after being produced

A

can be taken up and used by that muscle fiber or shuttled to other sites

21
Q

is lactic acid to blame for fatigue

A

no, H+ is the trifiling cunt that is released via lactic acid dissociation

22
Q

what does the accumulation of H+ cause

A

acidosis, too low of pH

23
Q

what pH limits phosphofructokinase activity

A

pH of <6.9

24
Q

what pH does glycogen breakdown begin to halt

A

pH of <6.4

25
Q

aside from acidosis what does accumulation of H+ cause in muscle

A

lowers amount of calcium released from sarcoplasmic reticulm

26
Q

how long does the decreased pH from excess H+ normally last

A

35min maximum

27
Q

neuromuscular fatigue causes

A

-reduced release of acetylcholine
-hyperactivation of cholinesterase (which causes low acetylcholine levels and cant cause action potential)
-inhibition of cholinesterase ( acetylcholine buildup and cant relax muscle)
-membrane develops higher threshold for stimulation
-competition with acetylcholine with other substances at receptors
-potassium leaves intracellular space (decreased membrane potential)
-calcium retained in sarcoplasmic reticulum (due to low glycogen availability and metabolic by products)

28
Q

what is the central governor theory

A

processes occur in the brain that regulate power output by muscles to maintain homeostasis and prevent unsafe levels of exertion

29
Q

central governor theory states that we limit exercise by

A

decreasing the recruitment of muscle fibers and therefore feel fatigued

30
Q

most individuals terminate exercise before______________

A

physiological exhaustion

31
Q

summary of central governor theory

A

your brain tells you to be a pussy, you are not going to carry the boats or the logs

32
Q

what does the psychobiological model of fatigue state

A

ultimate determinant of endurance performance in highly motivated athletes is interaction between perception of effort and motivation

basically the central governor theory but voluntary cognition

33
Q

does “mental fatigue effect performance

A

no, it will however effect RPE

34
Q

exercise in the heat does what to CHO utilization

A

increases, may be caused by increase epinephrine secretion

35
Q

it is theorized that high muscle temperatures impair both________ and __________-

A

skeletal muscle function and muscle metabolism

36
Q

what is the sensation of acute muscle soreness

A

pain felt immediately after exercise

stiffness, aching, and tenderness

37
Q

what can cause acute muscle soreness

A

accumulation of end products (H+)
tissue edema (swelling)

38
Q

how long does it take for acute muscle soreness to go away

A

a few hours (very fucking scientific, this is from the slides)

39
Q

what is delayed onset muscle soreness physiologically

A

tissue damage
inflammatory response (needed for recovery)

40
Q

what training is thought to be primary initiator of delayed onset muscle soreness

A

eccentric

41
Q

2 primary theory’s of muscle cramps

A

electrolyte depletion theory
neuromuscular control theory

42
Q

what is the electrolyte depletion theory of cramping

A

sweating from Ex leads to electroyte imbalences which lead to hyper excitable nerve terminals

43
Q

what is the neuromuscular control theory of muscle cramping

A

exercise associated muscle cramps occur when some aspect of control between motor neuron and muscle becomes altered

ex physio exam 2 (5 decks)

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