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Science > Ch. 6 Ecosystems > Flashcards

Ch. 6 Ecosystems Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

All living and nonliving things in an area and their interactions is called an__________.

A

Ecosystem.

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2
Q

A ___________ is a place that gives an organism all the things it need to live: ________, food, water, soil.

A

Habitat, home

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3
Q

_________-role or job of an organism.

A

Niche

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4
Q

Living (biotic) things:

A

Plants and animals

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5
Q

Nonliving (abiotic) things:

A

Air, water soil temperature, sunlight.

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6
Q

Population

A

A group of organisms of one species that live in the same area. Ex: oak trees in the same forest.

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7
Q

Community

A

A group of populations in the same area. Ex: oak trees, pine trees, maple trees, grass, snakes, and mice in the same forest.

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8
Q

Predator

A

An animal that hunts to eat another animal. Ex: owl.

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9
Q

Prey

A

An animal that is hunted by others for food. Ex: mouse.

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10
Q

Cam an animal be a predator and prey?

A

Yes.

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11
Q

Producer

A

Makes own food. Ex: plants, trees.

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12
Q

Consumer

A

Can not make it’s own food (all animals and some micro organisms).

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13
Q

Herbivore

A

Eats only plants. Ex: rabbit, steer, hare squirrel.

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14
Q

Carnivore

A

Eats only meat. Ex: eagles, panthers, cougars, owls, roadrunners.

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15
Q

Omnivore

A

Eats both plants and meat. Ex: human, bears,turtles, skunks, fox.

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16
Q

Scavenger

A

Eats dead animals. Ex: vulture.

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17
Q

Decomposer

A

Breaks down wastes and dead organisms. Ex: fungus, bacteria, worm.

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18
Q

Ultimate source of energy for the earth.

A

Sun

19
Q

Food chain

A

Movement of energy in one direction, always begins with a producer.

20
Q

The shortest food chain always includes:

A

A producer and a consumer.

producer->consumer->decomposer
Flower->deer->coyote

21
Q

Food web

A

Many food chains that are connected, energy flows in many directions, always begins with a producer.

22
Q

Tropical rainforest

A

Warm, a lot of rain, more species of organisms than any other ecosystem.

23
Q

Tropical rainforest organisms:

A

Flowers, plants insects, animals

24
Q

Desert traits

A

Very hot during the day and cold at night
Dry, little water
Plants have large root systems close to the surface.

25
Q

Desert organisms

A

Coyotes, lizards, rattlesnakes, cactus

26
Q

Tundra traits

A

Cold
Little rain
Animals need fur coats to keep the warm

27
Q

Tundra organisms

A

Rodents, rabbits, caribou, polar bears, small grasses.

28
Q

Taiga traits

A

Cold, dry

29
Q

Taiga organisms

A

Squirrels, birds, insects, berries, elk, moose.

30
Q

Mixed forest (Deciduous forest) traits

A

Cooler, average rain, trees loose their leaves in the fall.

31
Q

Mixed forest (deciduous forest) organisms

A

Oak, elm maple trees, deer, bears, raccoons.

32
Q

Prairie (grasslands) traits

A

Tall grass and not many trees

33
Q

Prairie organisms

A

Rich soil, bison, coyotes, prairie dogs, grasshoppers.

34
Q

Wetlands traits

A

Salty water along the coasts of the United States.

35
Q

Competition (type of interaction)

A

Organisms compete over space, water, light, food and mates

Plants competing for water, if a new organism is introduced and has no competition, it can take over and grow rapidly (kudzu)

36
Q

Symbiosis (type of interaction)

A

Long term relationship between different organisms

37
Q

Name three types of symbiotic relationships

A
  1. Mutualism
  2. Commensalism
  3. Parisitism
38
Q

Describe mutualism and give an example.

A

An interaction in which both organisms benefit.

Bee and plant
Cleaner shrimp and eel

39
Q

Describe commensalism and give an example of this type of interaction.

A

One organism benefits and the other is unaffected.

Egrets and cows.

40
Q

Describe parasitism and give an example of this type of interaction.

A

One organism benefits and one is harmed.

Flee and dog.

41
Q

Does the environment change?

A

Yes, constantly, sometimes slowly, sometimes quickly.

42
Q

Give examples of slow environmental changes.

A 
Climate change
Lake drying up
Rock becoming soil
River flow changing the shape of the river bank
Plant growing and breaking a rock
43
Q

Give examples of rapid environmental changes.

A

Earthquake
Hurricane
Flood
Forest fire

44
Q

Give examples of environmental changes caused by humans.

A

Pollution - Garbage and chemicals affect air, water, and land

Bringing new animals or plants into ecosystems - zebra mussels, garlic-mustard plant, kudzu, tamarisk plant - because there is no competition they take over and spread quickly.

Science (5 decks)

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