Ch. 6 - Biomedical Science and Minimally Invasive Surgery Flashcards
The acronym laser stands for light application by special electromagnetic radiation.
True
False
False
What is the term for the precision of a laser beam and is based on the area exposed, the time activated, and the power setting?
a.
coherence
b.
collimation
c.
fluence
d.
amplification
c.
fluence
Ebonized or other specially coated instruments should be used when which surgical device is being used in a narrow space?
a.
electrosurgical pencil
b.
ultrasonic scalpel
c.
CO2 laser hand piece
d.
argon beam coagulator
c.
CO2 laser hand piece
What is the term for the process of starting up when a computer is initially turned on?
a.
booting
b.
bolding
c.
browsing
d.
burning
a.
booting
All of the following are examples of tissue interaction with laser light energy EXCEPT:
a.
transmission
b.
absorption
c.
contraction
d.
reflection
c.
contraction
Which generation of robots does NOT have any degree of artificial intelligence (AI) and requires consistent oversight?
a.
first
b.
second
c.
third
d.
fourth
a.
first
What is the term for the developing technology of performing a surgical procedure in real time but from a distant location?
a.
expert systems
b.
Cartesian coordinate geometry
c.
revolute geometry
d.
telesurgery
d.
telesurgery
What is the term for a single alternating current cycle?
a.
watt
b.
volt
c.
ampere
d.
hertz
d.
hertz
Robotic manipulators are not sterilized, but are covered with disposable drapes for surgical procedures.
True
False
True
Google, Yahoo, and Bing are popular:
a.
word-processing programs
b.
computer processing units
c.
Internet search engines
d.
Internet service providers
c.
Internet search engines
Which of the following terms is defined as the extent to which a machine, microscope, human, or robot can differentiate between two objects?
a.
degrees of rotation
b.
binaural hearing
c.
resolution
d.
telechir
c.
resolution
The bipolar mode of the ESU can be used only to cut tissue.
True
False
False
A patient return electrode (ground pad) may be repositioned to another site if the gel is still “sticky.”
True
False
False
What term is used to describe the transferring of files and documents to a compact disc (CD)?
a.
flashing
b.
surfing
c.
etching
d.
burning
d.
burning
Electricity is dependent upon the free flow of which subatomic particles?
a.
electrons
b.
protons
c.
quarks
d.
neutrons
a.
electrons
How much memory does a computer with a gigabyte (GB) capacity hold?
a.
1,000 bytes
b.
1,000 kilobytes
c.
1 trillion bytes
d.
1,000 megabytes
d.
1,000 megabytes
Which of the following lasers falls into the invisible part of the electromagnetic spectrum, is absorbed by cellular fluid, and is not dependent on tissue color?
a.
Ho:YAG
b.
CO2
c.
Nd:YAG
d.
argon
b.
CO2
What is the name of the device that has right and left buttons and a roller, and may be a wired or wireless part of a computer used to point and click to items on the monitor?
a.
processor
b.
mouse
c.
keyboard
d.
scanner
b.
mouse
The electromagnetic waves that create radio and television signals are measured in wave cycles per second termed:
a.
frequency
b.
wattage
c.
resistance
d.
voltage
a.
frequency
To prevent inadvertent activation of the ESU resulting in possible ignition of draping materials, the pencil should be placed in which of the following when NOT in use?
a.
kidney basin
b.
rigid holster
c.
instrument holster
d.
trocar cannula
b.
rigid holster
What term for legal right of an author or photographer over the reproduction of original work?
a.
domain
b.
copyright
c.
trademark
d.
branding
b.
copyright
Which of the following is an Internet address within a document or e-mail that is bolded or underlined and will open a Web page when it is clicked on?
a.
attachment
b.
pixel
c.
hyperlink
d.
icon
c.
hyperlink
Cartesian coordinate geometry uses the system of graphing mathematical functions and moves the robotic manipulators along the x, y, and z axes.
True
False
True
Which laser unit has articulated joints with mirrors at the bend points and requires that care must be taken not to disrupt the alignment of those mirrors during transport, because that could result in an unpredictable beam trajectory?
a.
CO2
b.
Nd:YAG
c.
krypton
d.
argon
a.
CO2
In a laser generator, what is found at both ends that allows for the amplification and stimulated emission of laser light?
a.
wire filaments
b.
mirror reflectors
c.
LED lightbulbs
d.
magnetic poles
b.
mirror reflectors
Which of the following modes or settings of the electrosurgical unit (ESU) would NOT require use of a patient return electrode (ground pad)?
a.
coagulation
b.
bipolar
c.
cutting
d.
blended
b.
bipolar
All of the following are components of a three-prong electrical plug EXCEPT:
a.
negative (neutral)
b.
positive (hot)
c.
current convertor
d.
ground pin
c.
current convertor
Which type of laser uses gases that are toxic and potentially fatal, and therefore rarely used in the OR setting?
a.
krypton
b.
argon
c.
excimer
d.
CO2
c.
excimer
What is the name of the visual indicator represented by an arrow, blinking line, or hand that appears when the mouse is used to point to something on the screen?
a.
character
b.
clicker
c.
cursor
d.
checker
c.
cursor
Solids, gases, liquids, and semiconductor crystals are types of:
a.
chemical coagulants
b.
robotic power sources
c.
electrical conductors
d.
surgical laser media
d.
surgical laser media
Which of the following terms is defined as the number of ways that a robotic manipulator can move?
a.
telepresence
b.
degrees of freedom
c.
sensitivity
d.
resolution
b.
degrees of freedom
All of the following represent a complete AC electrical circuit EXCEPT:
a.
ESU generator → bipolar cord → one prong of bipolar forceps → tissue → other prong of bipolar forceps → bipolar cord → ESU generator
b.
C battery → C battery → wire → flashlight bulb
c.
positive (hot) wire → negative (neutral) wire → ground source
d.
wall plug → ESU generator → active electrode pencil ? tissues → patient ground pad → ESU generator → wall plug
b.
C battery → C battery → wire → flashlight bulb
When using a bayonet bipolar forceps:
a.
one side of the forceps collects and returns the current to the generator
b.
the dispersive patient return electrode returns the current back to the generator
c.
the surgeon chooses the blended current mode to reduce the thermal damage to adjacent tissue
d.
argon gas may be used to enhance the cutting mode
a.
one side of the forceps collects and returns the current to the generator
During routine robotic surgery procedures, where is the surgeon?
a.
sitting at the robotic console separate from the OR table
b.
standing on the operative side of the OR table
c.
sitting on the contralateral side of the OR table from the surgical site
d.
standing between the patient’s legs, which are in low-lithotomy stirrups
a.
sitting at the robotic console separate from the OR table
The opposite charged ends of a magnet are its:
a.
gaps
b.
filaments
c.
apertures
d.
poles
d.
poles
The clarity of a computer monitor screen image is its:
a.
resonance
b.
resignation
c.
resistance
d.
resolution
d.
resolution
Which type of gas is used to enhance the effectiveness of the electrosurgical unit active electrode pencil?
a.
argon
b.
CO2
c.
helium
d.
nitrous oxide
a.
argon
What is the property of the gel portion of the patient return electrode (ground pad) that completes the ESU circuit?
a.
impedance
b.
resistance
c.
conductivity
d.
insulated
c.
conductivity
Which of the following is a safety mechanism engineered into the ESU that alerts the surgical team that the device is being activated?
a.
vibration of electrodes
b.
smoke from generator
c.
audible tone
d.
flashing light on pencil
c.
audible tone
The original instrument developed in the 1920s that used heat on wounds to accelerate blood clotting was the precursor of which piece of standard OR equipment?
a.
ground circuit interrupter outlet
b.
electrosurgical unit (ESU)
c.
central processing unit
d.
extracorporeal circulation machine
b.
electrosurgical unit (ESU)
Which term describes the right and left (side-to-side) movements of a robotic manipulator that has 3-D capability?
a.
yaw
b.
pitch
c.
roll
d.
axis
a.
yaw
What is the term for the small graphic symbols displayed on a monitor screen that represent computer files or programs that a user “clicks” on to open?
a.
icon
b.
byte
c.
drive
d.
avatar
a.
icon
Which of the following terms related to electricity defines electrical potential (electrical charge)?
a.
watts
b.
current
c.
amperes
d.
volts
d.
volts
Resonant frequency capacitive coupling and dielectric breakdown are examples of:
a.
laser energy tissue effects
b.
electrosurgery burns to personnel
c.
robotic operation modes
d.
computer program malfunctions
b.
electrosurgery burns to personnel
What term describes an item that enhances or allows for the flow of alternating or direct electrical current?
a.
conductor
b.
neutralizer
c.
insulator
d.
transmitter
a.
conductor
Which of the following is NOT a type of ESU tip?
a.
needle
b.
trocar
c.
ball
d.
loop
b.
trocar
Which of the following would MOST likely be the cause of a patient burn from alternate exit pathway of ESU current?
a.
soles of the feet under the sequential pulsing pads
b.
placement site of electrocardiogram (ECG) leads
c.
fingernail bed under the pulse oximeter
d.
skin over a bony prominence such as the scapula
b.
placement site of electrocardiogram (ECG) leads
What is the name of the complex robotic operating system created and marketed by Intuitive Surgical®?
a.
Aesop
b.
Columbus
c.
da Vinci
d.
Magellan
c.
da Vinci
What is the term for the object in an electrical circuit (e.g., surgical light or ESU) that receives and can modify the amount of power from the source?
a.
field
b.
load
c.
conductor
d.
terminal
b.
load
What is the name of the inert gas beam used with invisible light lasers to provide visual aiming to target tissue?
a.
argon-helium
b.
argon-neon
c.
helium-neon
d.
helium-krypton
c.
helium-neon
Which type of laser has a wavelength that creates a bright blue-green visible light within a plasma tube?
a.
Nd:YAG
b.
Ho:YAG
c.
argon
d.
CO2
c.
argon
The patient return electrode for a patient undergoing a laparoscopic cholecystectomy would MOST likely be placed:
a.
on the anterior thigh
b.
around the right upper arm
c.
under the buttocks
d.
on the anterior left chest
a.
on the anterior thigh
Which of the following laser beams cannot transmit through clear fluid or glass?
a.
argon
b.
krypton
c.
CO2
d.
Nd:YAG
c.
CO2
Laser wavelengths determine the color and invisibility of the beam and are categorized from their place along the:
a.
electromagnetic spectrum
b.
table of natural elements
c.
universal nomenclature
d.
Bell curve
a.
electromagnetic spectrum
Specialized equipment in the OR, such as portable x-ray units or laser generators, may require which type of wall outlet that can handle the increased load necessary to power the equipment?
a.
110 V
b.
220 V
c.
nitrous oxide
d.
compressed air
b.
220 V
