Ch 6 and 8 Review Flashcards
What term describes a lesion with cystic and solid components?
Complex
What are the criteria of a simple cyst?
Smooth borders, anechoic, through transmission, and round shape
Why is a 2 - 5 MHz transducer generally utilized for imaging the liver?
The lower frequencies allow for better penetration because liver is a large organ
Which composition is often confirmed by the presence of a shadowing effect?
Bone
What sonographic feature is consistent with a benign cystic mass?
Smooth borders
T/F: A solid mass has irregular borders, sound decreased transmission and internal echoes
True
Homogeneous
Completely uniform in texture or composition
Isoechoic
Without internal echoes; The structure is fluid filled and transmit sound easily
Heterogeneous
Not uniform in texture or composition
Infiltrating
Usually refers to a diffuse disease process or metastatic disease
Hyperechoic
- Opposite of anechoic
- Echo-producing structure
- Reflects sound with a brighter intensity
Which array transducer is used to survey (scan) the abdomen?
Curvilinear transducer
What is a role of a sonographer?
- To differentiate normal tissue from abnormal tissue
- Cells make up tissues
- When we are scanning an organ, we are looking for abnormal tissue so we must know what is normal
- Document and discuss those findings with a radiologist
- But we do not diagnose— we describe what we see with a sonographic description of the pathology
- We only describe what we see sonographically
The criteria for abnormalities involve which of the following?
- Decreased transmission of sound
- Increased transmission of sound
- Unchanged
- All of the above
All of the above
What are the differences between an artery and a vein?
Arteries
- Arteries can blood away from the heart
- Enclosed within a sheath that includes a vein and nerve
- The pulsatile abdominal aorta will not change in diameter with changes in respiration
Veins
- Veins carry blood to the heart and back from the tissues
- Have valves to prevent backflow
- Appear collapsed (little elastic tissue or muscle within their walls)
- Have a larger total diameter than the arteries
- Move blood more slowly
Describe the division and collection of blood from arteries to the heart (Recirculation)
- Left ventricle
- Aorta
- Artery
- Arteriole
- Capillary
- Venule
- Larger vessels
- Vein
- IVC
- Right atrium
Name and define the layers of the artery and vein. Which vessel has the least elastic tissue and smooth muscle?
(1) Tunica intima (inner layer), which itself has three layers
- A layer of endothelial cells lining the arterial passage (lumen)
- A layer of delicate connective tissue
- An elastic layer made up of a network of elastic fibers
(2) Tunica media (middle layer) - Smooth muscle fibers with elastic and collagenous tissue
(3) Tunica adventitia (external layer)
- Loose connective tissue with bundles of smooth muscle fibers and elastic tissue
- The vasa vasorum makes up the tiny arteries and veins that supply the walls of blood vessels
- Veins have the least amount of elasticity and smooth muscle because arteries handle the pressure and movement in blood
Which vessel is the largest principal artery in the body?
Aorta
The first major branch of the abdominal aorta is the ____ ____
celiac trunk
The ____ is the second major branch off of the abdominal aorta
superior mesenteric artery
The ____ ____ ____ is the last major branch off the abdominal aorta before the aortic bifurcation
inferior mesenteric artery
The ____ ____ artery courses rightward from the celiac artery
common hepatic
