Ch 6 Anatomy And Physiology Flashcards
Acetabulum
The pelvic socket into which the ball at the proximal end of the femur fits to form the hip joint.
Acromioclavicular Jiont
The joint where the acrimony and the clavicle meets.
Alveoli
The microscopic sacs of the lungs where gas exchange with the bloodstream takes place.
Anatomy
The study of body structure.
Aorta
The largest artery in the body. It transports blood from the left ventricle to begin systemic circulation.
Appendix
A small tube located near the junction of the small and large intestines in the right lower quadrant of the abdomen, the function of which is not well understood.
Arteriole
The smallest kind of artery.
Artery
Any blood vessel carrying blood away from the heart.
Atria
The two upper chambers of the heart, which receives unoxygenated blood returning from the lungs.
Automaticity
The ability of the heart to generate and conduct electrical impulses on its own.
Autonomic
The division of the peripheral nervous system that controls involuntary motor functions.
Bladder
The round sac-like organ of the renal system used as a reservoir for urine.
Blood Pressure
The pressure caused by blood exerting force against the walls of blood vessels. Usually arterial blood pressure is measure.
Brachial Artery
Artery of the upper arm; the site of the pulse checked during infant CPR.
Bronchi
The two large sets of branches that come off the trachea and enter the lungs.
Calcaneus
The heel bone.
Capillary
A thin-walled, microscopic blood vessel where the oxygen/carbon dioxide and nutrient/waste exchange with the body’s cells take place.
Cardiac Conduction System
A system of specialized muscle tissue that conducts electrical impulses that stimulate the heart to beat.
Cardiac Muscle
Specialized involuntary muscle found only in the heart.
Cardiovascular System
The system made up of the heart and blood vessels. Sometimes called the circulatory system.
Carotid
The large neck arteries, one on each side of the neck, that carry blood from the heart to the head.
Carpals
The wrist bones
Central Nervous System
The brain and spinal cord.
Central Pulses
The carotid and femoral pulses, which can be felt in the central part of the body.
Clavicle
The collarbone
Coronary
Blood vessels that supply the muscle of the heart (myocardium).
Cranium
The top, back , and sides of the skull.
Cricoid Cartilage
The ring-shaped structure that forms the lower portion of the larynx.
Dermis
The inner (second) layer of skin, rich in blood vessels and nerves, found beneath the epidermis.
Diaphragm
The muscular structure that divides the chest cavity from the abdominal cavity. A major muscle of respiration.
Diastolic Blood Pressure
The pressure in the arteries when the left ventricle is refilling.
Digestive System
System by which food travels through the body and is digested, or broken down into absorbable forms.
Dorsalis Pedis Artery
Artery supplying the foot, lateral to the large tendon of the big toe.
Endocrine System
System of glands that produce chemicals called hormones that help to regulate many body actives and functions.
Epidermis
The outer layer of skin.
Epiglottis
A leaf-shaped structure that prevents food and foreign matter from entering the trachea.
Epinephrine
A hormone produced by the body. As a medication, it dilates respiratory passages and is used to relieve severe allergic reactions.
Exhalation
A passive process in which the intercostal (rib) muscles and the diaphragm relax, causing the chest cavity to decrease in size and air to flow of the lungs.
Femoral
The major artery supplying the leg.
Femur
The large bone of the thigh.
Fibula
The lateral and smaller bone of the lower leg.
Gallbladder
A sac on the upper side of the liver that stores bile produced by the liver.
Humerous
The bone of the upper arm, between the shoulder and the elbow.
Hyperfusion
Inability of the body to adequately circulate blood to the body’s cell to supply them with oxygen and nutrients. A life-threatening condition.
Ilium
The superior and wider portion of the pelvis.
Inhalation
An active process in which the intercostal muscles and the diaphragm contract, expanding the size of the chest cavity and causing air to flow into the lungs.
Insulin
A hormone produced by the pancreas or taken as a medication by many diabetics.
Involuntary Muscle
Muscle responds automatically to brain signals but cannot be consciously controlled.
Ishium
The lower, posterior portion of the pelvis.
Joint
The point where two bones come together.
Kidneys
Organs of the renal system used to filter blood and regulate fluid levels in the body.
Large Intestine
The muscular tube that removes water from waste products received from the small intestine and moves anything not absorbed by the body towards excretion of the body.
Larynx
The voice box.
Ligaments
Tissue that connects bone to bone.
Liver
The largest organ of the body, which produces bile to a system breakdown of fats and assist in the metabolism of various substances in the body.
Lungs
The organs were exchange of atmospheric oxygen and waste carbon dioxide take place.
Lymphatic
The system composed of organs, tissues, and vessels that helps to maintain the fluid balance of the body and contributes to the body’s immune system.
Malleolus
Protrusion on the side of the ankle.
Mandible
The lower jaw-bone.
Manubrium
The superior portion of the sternum.
Maxillae
The two fused bones forming the upper jaw.
Metacarpals
The hand bones
Metatarsals
The foot bones.
Muscles
Tissue that can contract to allow movement of a body part.
Musculoskeletal System
The system of bones and skeletal muscle that support and protect the body and permit movement.
Nasal Bones
The nose bones.
Nasopharynx
The area directly posterior the the nose.
Nervous System
The system of brain, spinal cord, and nerves that govern sensation, movement, and thought.
Orbits
The bony structures around the eyes; eye sockets.
Oropharynx
The area directly posterior to the mouth.
Ovaries
Egg-producing organs within the female reproductive system.
Pancreas
A gland located behind the stomach that produces insulin and juices that assist in digestion of food in the duodenum of the small intestine.
Patella
Kneecap
Pelvis
The basin-shaped bony structure that supports the spine and is the point proximal attachment for the lower extremities.
Penis
Male sex organ. Transfers sperm
Perfusion
The supply of oxygen to and rom all of wastes from the cells and tissues of the body as a result of the flow of blood through the arteries.
