CH 6: Anatomy and Physiology

Question 1

What is the​ large, wing-shaped bone on either side of the​ pelvis?

Answer 1

Ilium

Question 2

Which layer of the skin is exposed to the​ environment?

Answer 2

Epidermis

Question 3

What structure closes over the trachea to protect it during​ swallowing?

Answer 3

Epiglottis

Question 4

What two components are directly related to aerobic metabolism​?

Answer 4

Oxygen and glucose

Question 5

What are the two most easily injured portions of the​ spine?

Answer 5

cervical and lumbar

Question 6

What are the small bones that make up the wrist​ called?

Answer 6

carpals

Question 7

The pressure against the walls of the blood vessels as blood is ejected from the heart and circulates through the body is the​ ________ blood pressure.

Answer 7

systolic

Question 8

What type of muscles control the size of the bronchioles in the​ lungs?

Answer 8

smooth

Question 9

Which of the following are the components of the complete nervous​ system?

Answer 9

​Brain, spinal​ cord, and nerve tissue

Question 10

What is another name for the shoulder​ blade?

Answer 10

clavicle

Question 11

What is another name for the eye​ socket?

Answer 11

orbit

Question 12

What is the bone on the thumb side of the​ forearm?

Answer 12

radius

Question 13

Which of the following makes up more than half of the volume of blood in the​ body?

Answer 13

plasma

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the medical condition of​ shock?

Answer 14

A state of inadequate tissue perfusion

Question 15

An artery is a blood vessel that​ only:

Answer 15

carries blood away from the heart.

Question 16

Your patient is an​ 84-year-old male with difficulty breathing and peripheral edema. He tells you he has been suffering for many years with​ “heart failure,” and his condition is​ worsening, especially with trouble breathing at night. Your knowledge of cardiovascular physiology suggests that his condition could have resulted from the failure of either the right or left side of his heart. Which chamber of the heart is the​ strongest, most muscular part of the heart and is primarily responsible for pumping oxygenated blood to the rest of the​ body?

Answer 16

left ventrical

Question 17

Physiology is the study​ of:

Answer 17

body function

Question 18

what is the primary function of the​ stomach?

Answer 18

Chemical breakdown of food by acidic secretions

Question 19

Which organ secretes insulin after a person eats a large​ meal?

Answer 19

Pancreas

Question 20

In which of the following locations is the femoral pulse​ palpated?

Answer 20

In the crease between the abdomen and the groin

Question 21

Your​ 15-year-old patient was playing baseball today and was struck in the face by a baseball bat. As you assess his injuries and manage spinal​ immobilization, you note that several of his teeth are broken and he seems to have deformity and pain isolated to his lower jaw. The lower jaw bone is also known as​ the:

Answer 21

mandible

Question 22

Which of the following structures receives deoxygenated blood from the body via the venae​ cavae?

Answer 22

right atrium

Question 23

Which of the following types of blood vessels allow the exchange of substances directly between the blood and the cells of the​ body?

Answer 23

Capillaries

Question 24

You have been dispatched to the site of a construction accident where a​ 36-year-old male patient was moderately cut by some machinery. His left arm has a​ 4” deep laceration that appears to have stopped bleeding with the gauze and direct pressure applied by his coworkers. Your knowledge of physiology suggests that which component of blood was partially responsible for forming clotting factors to stop the​ bleeding?

Answer 24

Platelets

Question 25

Which of the following organs functions as a reservoir for blood that can be used in case of blood​ loss?

Answer 25

Spleen

Question 26

In relation to​ anatomy, the term topography​ means:

Answer 26

external landmarks of body structures

Question 27

The pulse palpated on the top of the foot is called the​ ________ pulse.

Answer 27

dorsalis pedis

Question 28

Which of the following structures allows food to move from the mouth to the​ stomach?

Answer 28

Esophagus

Question 29

What is the​ inferior-most portion of the​ sternum?

Answer 29

xiphoid process

Question 30

What causes the​ "seesaw" breathing pattern of young​ children?

Answer 30

They rely more on the diaphragm during breathing difficulty.

Question 31

You have been dispatched to a local shopping mall where a​ 63-year-old female patient has slipped and fallen in a department store. Upon your​ arrival, you find her supine on the​ ground, conscious and oriented with stable vital​ signs, complaining of severe pain in the upper portion of her left leg and hip. Her left leg is slightly shortened and rotated outward. The bone most commonly fractured with a​ "broken hip" is​ the:

Answer 31

femur

Question 32

What is not one of the primary organs for the female reproductive​ system?

Answer 32

urethra

Question 33

What system is composed of​ organs, tissues, and vessels that help maintain the fluid balance of the body and contribute to the​ body's immune​ system?

Answer 33

Lymphatic system

Question 34

What vessel carries deoxygenated blood to the​ lungs?

Answer 34

Pulmonary artery

Question 35

A​ child's ________ takes up proportionally more space in the pharynx than does an​ adult's.

Answer 35

tongue

Question 36

You are caring for a​ 47-year-old male patient with classical chest pain suggestive of a myocardial infarction. Based on your understanding of the cardiovascular​ system, you know he could be suffering from​ damage, narrowing, or blockage of what​ arteries?

Answer 36

coronary arteries

Question 37

Which organ is the principal organ of the renal​ system?

Answer 37

kidney

Question 38

What two body systems are critical for the life support chain​?

Answer 38

Respiratory and cardiovascular systems

Question 39

What is the strongest and most muscular part of the​ heart?

Answer 39

left ventrical

Question 40

Which of the following terms describes the heart​ muscle's ability to generate its own electrical​ impulses?

Answer 40

automacity

Question 41

Which of the following respiratory processes requires the active use of​ muscles?

Answer 41

inhalation

Question 42

Which of the following is the only movable bone of the​ face?

Answer 42

mandible

Question 43

What condition of immediate concern results from a loss of red blood cells due to​ hemorrhage?

Answer 43

Decreased oxygen delivery to the tissues

Question 44

What type of blood vessels surround the​ alveoli?

Answer 44

capillaries

Question 45

You are on the scene at an office building where a​ 32-year-old male is described as having difficulty breathing and chest pain. The patient is allergic to peanuts and thinks he may have accidentally ingested some cookies with peanuts in them this afternoon during his break. He is pale with a pulse rate of 158 and a respiratory rate of 36. You understand that a​ fight-or-flight response may have been activated in this​ patient, involving which nervous system and which​ hormone?

Answer 45

Sympathetic nervous system and epinephrine

Question 46

Which of the following body systems primarily produces​ hormones?

Answer 46

endocrine

Question 47

Failure of the liver would result in which of the​ following?

Answer 47

Inability to detoxify harmful substances in the bloodstream

Question 48

At which of the following locations could you palpate a​ malleolus?

Answer 48

ankle

Question 49

The cardiac muscle receives its supply of oxygenated blood by which of the following​ mechanisms?

Answer 49

Coronary arteries that branch off the aorta