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EMT study guide > CH 6: Anatomy and Physiology > Flashcards

CH 6: Anatomy and Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

What is the​ large, wing-shaped bone on either side of the​ pelvis?

A

Ilium

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2
Q

Which layer of the skin is exposed to the​ environment?

A

Epidermis

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3
Q

What structure closes over the trachea to protect it during​ swallowing?

A

Epiglottis

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4
Q

What two components are directly related to aerobic metabolism​?

A

Oxygen and glucose

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5
Q

What are the two most easily injured portions of the​ spine?

A

cervical and lumbar

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6
Q

What are the small bones that make up the wrist​ called?

A

carpals

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7
Q

The pressure against the walls of the blood vessels as blood is ejected from the heart and circulates through the body is the​ ________ blood pressure.

A

systolic

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8
Q

What type of muscles control the size of the bronchioles in the​ lungs?

A

smooth

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9
Q

Which of the following are the components of the complete nervous​ system?

A

​Brain, spinal​ cord, and nerve tissue

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10
Q

What is another name for the shoulder​ blade?

A

clavicle

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11
Q

What is another name for the eye​ socket?

A

orbit

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12
Q

What is the bone on the thumb side of the​ forearm?

A

radius

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13
Q

Which of the following makes up more than half of the volume of blood in the​ body?

A

plasma

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14
Q

Which of the following best describes the medical condition of​ shock?

A

A state of inadequate tissue perfusion

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15
Q

An artery is a blood vessel that​ only:

A

carries blood away from the heart.

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16
Q

Your patient is an​ 84-year-old male with difficulty breathing and peripheral edema. He tells you he has been suffering for many years with​ “heart failure,” and his condition is​ worsening, especially with trouble breathing at night. Your knowledge of cardiovascular physiology suggests that his condition could have resulted from the failure of either the right or left side of his heart. Which chamber of the heart is the​ strongest, most muscular part of the heart and is primarily responsible for pumping oxygenated blood to the rest of the​ body?

A

left ventrical

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17
Q

Physiology is the study​ of:

A

body function

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18
Q

what is the primary function of the​ stomach?

A

Chemical breakdown of food by acidic secretions

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19
Q

Which organ secretes insulin after a person eats a large​ meal?

A

Pancreas

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20
Q

In which of the following locations is the femoral pulse​ palpated?

A

In the crease between the abdomen and the groin

21
Q

Your​ 15-year-old patient was playing baseball today and was struck in the face by a baseball bat. As you assess his injuries and manage spinal​ immobilization, you note that several of his teeth are broken and he seems to have deformity and pain isolated to his lower jaw. The lower jaw bone is also known as​ the:

A

mandible

22
Q

Which of the following structures receives deoxygenated blood from the body via the venae​ cavae?

A

right atrium

23
Q

Which of the following types of blood vessels allow the exchange of substances directly between the blood and the cells of the​ body?

A

Capillaries

24
Q

You have been dispatched to the site of a construction accident where a​ 36-year-old male patient was moderately cut by some machinery. His left arm has a​ 4” deep laceration that appears to have stopped bleeding with the gauze and direct pressure applied by his coworkers. Your knowledge of physiology suggests that which component of blood was partially responsible for forming clotting factors to stop the​ bleeding?

A

Platelets

25
Q

Which of the following organs functions as a reservoir for blood that can be used in case of blood​ loss?

A

Spleen

26
Q

In relation to​ anatomy, the term topography​ means:

A

external landmarks of body structures

27
Q

The pulse palpated on the top of the foot is called the​ ________ pulse.

A

dorsalis pedis

28
Q

Which of the following structures allows food to move from the mouth to the​ stomach?

A

Esophagus

29
Q

What is the​ inferior-most portion of the​ sternum?

A

xiphoid process

30
Q

What causes the​ “seesaw” breathing pattern of young​ children?

A

They rely more on the diaphragm during breathing difficulty.

31
Q

You have been dispatched to a local shopping mall where a​ 63-year-old female patient has slipped and fallen in a department store. Upon your​ arrival, you find her supine on the​ ground, conscious and oriented with stable vital​ signs, complaining of severe pain in the upper portion of her left leg and hip. Her left leg is slightly shortened and rotated outward. The bone most commonly fractured with a​ “broken hip” is​ the:

A

femur

32
Q

What is not one of the primary organs for the female reproductive​ system?

A

urethra

33
Q

What system is composed of​ organs, tissues, and vessels that help maintain the fluid balance of the body and contribute to the​ body’s immune​ system?

A

Lymphatic system

34
Q

What vessel carries deoxygenated blood to the​ lungs?

A

Pulmonary artery

35
Q

A​ child’s ________ takes up proportionally more space in the pharynx than does an​ adult’s.

A

tongue

36
Q

You are caring for a​ 47-year-old male patient with classical chest pain suggestive of a myocardial infarction. Based on your understanding of the cardiovascular​ system, you know he could be suffering from​ damage, narrowing, or blockage of what​ arteries?

A

coronary arteries

37
Q

Which organ is the principal organ of the renal​ system?

A

kidney

38
Q

What two body systems are critical for the life support chain​?

A

Respiratory and cardiovascular systems

39
Q

What is the strongest and most muscular part of the​ heart?

A

left ventrical

40
Q

Which of the following terms describes the heart​ muscle’s ability to generate its own electrical​ impulses?

A

automacity

41
Q

Which of the following respiratory processes requires the active use of​ muscles?

A

inhalation

42
Q

Which of the following is the only movable bone of the​ face?

A

mandible

43
Q

What condition of immediate concern results from a loss of red blood cells due to​ hemorrhage?

A

Decreased oxygen delivery to the tissues

44
Q

What type of blood vessels surround the​ alveoli?

A

capillaries

45
Q

You are on the scene at an office building where a​ 32-year-old male is described as having difficulty breathing and chest pain. The patient is allergic to peanuts and thinks he may have accidentally ingested some cookies with peanuts in them this afternoon during his break. He is pale with a pulse rate of 158 and a respiratory rate of 36. You understand that a​ fight-or-flight response may have been activated in this​ patient, involving which nervous system and which​ hormone?

A

Sympathetic nervous system and epinephrine

46
Q

Which of the following body systems primarily produces​ hormones?

A

endocrine

47
Q

Failure of the liver would result in which of the​ following?

A

Inability to detoxify harmful substances in the bloodstream

48
Q

At which of the following locations could you palpate a​ malleolus?

A

ankle

49
Q

The cardiac muscle receives its supply of oxygenated blood by which of the following​ mechanisms?

A

Coronary arteries that branch off the aorta

EMT study guide (10 decks)

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