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EMT > Ch. 6 - Anatomy and Physiology > Flashcards

Ch. 6 - Anatomy and Physiology Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the medical term for the adam’s apple?

A

thyroid cartilage

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2
Q

What do ligaments connect?

A

bone to bone

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3
Q

What do tendons connect?

A

muscle to bone

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4
Q

The top, back, and sides of the skull

A

cranium

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5
Q

The front of the skull

A

face

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6
Q

What is the lower jaw bone?

A

mandible

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7
Q

What are the upper jaw bones?

A

maxillae

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8
Q

What bones surround the eyes?

A

orbits

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9
Q

What bones provide structure to cheeks?

A

zygomatic arches

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10
Q

How many vertebrae are in the spinal column?

A

33

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11
Q

What are the 5 divisions of the spine?

A

Cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, coccyx

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12
Q

What is the medical term for the chest?

A

thorax

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13
Q

What is the internal space formed by the bones of the thorax?

A

thoracic cavity

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14
Q

What is the medical term for the breastbone?

A

sternum

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15
Q

What is the basin-shaped bony structure at the bottom of the spine?

A

pelvis

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16
Q

The superior and widest portion of the pelvis

A

ilium

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17
Q

The lower, posterior portions of the pelvis

A

ischium

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18
Q

The medial anterior portion of the pelvis

A

pubis

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19
Q

The pelvic socket into which the ball end of the femur fits

A

acetabulum

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20
Q

The superior portion of the sternum

A

manubrium

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21
Q

The inferior portion of the sternum

A

xiphoid process

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22
Q

The large bone of the thight

A

femur

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23
Q

The kneecap

A

patella

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24
Q

The medial and larger bone of the lower leg

A

tibia

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25
Q

The lateral and smaller bone of the lower leg

A

fibula

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26
Q

The protrusion on the side of the ankle at the lower end of the fibula?

A

lateral malleolus

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27
Q

The protrusion on the side of the ankle at the lower end of the tibia

A

medial malleolus

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28
Q

The ankle bones

A

tarsals

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29
Q

The foot bones

A

metatarsals

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30
Q

The heel bone

A

calcaneus

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31
Q

The toe bones and finger bones

A

phalanges

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32
Q

The collarbone

A

clavicle

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33
Q

The shoulder blade

A

scapula

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34
Q

the highest portion of the shoulder

A

acromion process

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35
Q

The joint where the acromion and the clavicle meet

A

acromioclavicular joint

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36
Q

The bone of the upper arm

A

humerous

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37
Q

The lateral bone of the forearm

A

radius

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38
Q

The medial bone of the forearm

A

ulna

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39
Q

The wrist bones

A

carpals

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40
Q

The hand bones

A

metacarpals

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41
Q

The point where two bones come together

A

joint

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42
Q

A muscle that can be controlled consciously

A

voluntary muscle

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43
Q

A muscle that responds automatically to brain signals

A

involuntary muscle

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44
Q

Specialized involuntary muscle found only in the heart

A

cardiac muscle

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45
Q

The ability of the heart to generate and conduct electrical impulses on its own

A

automaticity

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46
Q

Another word for the respiratory system

A

pulmonary system

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47
Q

The area directly posterior to the mouth

A

oropharynx

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48
Q

The area directly posterior to the nose

A

nasopharynx

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49
Q

The area directly posterior to the mouth and nose

A

pharynx

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50
Q

A leaf-shaped structure that prevents food and foreign matter from entering the trachea

A

epiglottis

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51
Q

The voice box

A

larynx

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52
Q

The ring-shaped structure that forms the lower portion of the larnyx

A

cricoid cartilage

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53
Q

The opening of the trachea

A

glottis

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54
Q

The “windpipe”; the structure that connects the pharynx to the lungs

A

trachea

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55
Q

The two large sets of branches that come off the trachea and enter the lungs

A

bronchi; singular bonchus

56
Q

The microscopic sacs of the lungs where gas exchange with the bloodstream takes place

A

alveoli

57
Q

The branches of the bonchi as they split into the lungs

A

bronchioles

58
Q

The muscular structure that divides the chest cavity from the abdominal cavity

A

diaphragm

59
Q

Muscles of the rib cage

A

intercostal muscles

60
Q

Movement of gases to and from the alveoli

A

ventilation

61
Q

Process of moving oxygen and carbon dioxide between circulating blood and the cells

A

respiration

62
Q

Upper chambers of the heart

A

atria

63
Q

Lower chambers of the heart

A

ventricles

64
Q

Part of the heart that receives unoxygenated blood from the body

A

Right atrium

65
Q

Two major veins that return blood from the body to the right atrium

A

venae cavae (superior and inferior)

66
Q

Receives oxygenated blood returning from the lunbs

A

Left atrium

67
Q

Sends oxygen-poor blood to the lungs

A

Right ventricle

68
Q

Sends oxygen-rich blood to the body

A

Left ventricle

69
Q

Largest artery in the body; it transports blood from the left ventricle to begin systemic circulation

A

aorta

70
Q

System of specialized muscle tissues that conducts electrical impulses that stimulate the heart to beat

A

cardia conduction system

71
Q

Any blood vessel carrying blood away from the heart

A

artery

72
Q

Blood vessels that supply the muscle of the heart

A

Coronary arteries

73
Q

Muscle of the heart

A

myocardium

74
Q

Begins at the right ventricle; carries oxygen-poor blood to the lungs

A

pulmonary artery

75
Q

Major artery of the neck

A

carotid artery

76
Q

Major artery of the thigh

A

femoral artery

77
Q

Artery in the upper arm

A

brachial artery

78
Q

Artery that travels through and supplies the lower arm

A

radial artery

79
Q

Artery supplying the foot, behind the medial ankle

A

posterior tibial artery

80
Q

Artery supplying the foot, lateral to the large tendon of the big toe

A

dorsalis pedis artery

81
Q

Smallest kind of artery

A

arteriole

82
Q

thin-walled, microscopic blood vessels where the oxygen/c02 and nutrient/waste exchange takes place

A

capillary

83
Q

Smallest kind of vein

A

venule

84
Q

Any blood vessel returning blood to the heart

A

vein

85
Q

Collects blood that is returned from the head and upper body

A

superior venae cavae

86
Q

Collects blood that is returned from below the heart

A

inferior venae cavae

87
Q

The vessels that carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium

A

pulmonary veins

88
Q

Fluid portion of the blood

A

plasma

89
Q

Components of the blood that carry oxygen to and CO2 away from the cells

A

red blood cells

90
Q

Components of the blood that help the body fight infection

A

white blood cells

91
Q

Components of the blood that are membrane-enclosed fragments of specialized cells

A

platelets

92
Q

Rhythmic beats caused as waves of blood move through and expand the arteries

A

pulse

93
Q

Radial, brachial, posterior tibial, and dorsalis pedis pulses

A

peripheral pulses

94
Q

Carotid and femoral pulses

A

central pulses

95
Q

The force blood exerts on walls of blood vessels

A

blood pressure

96
Q

The pressure created when the left ventricle contracts and forces blood out into circulations

A

systolic blood pressure

97
Q

The pressure in the arteries when the left ventricle is refilling

A

diastolic blood pressure

98
Q

The supply of oxygen and nutrients to and removal of wastes from the cells and tissues of the body as a result of the flow of blood through the capillaries

A

perfusion

99
Q

Inability of the body to adequately circulate blood to the body’s cells to supply them with oxygen and nutrients

A

Hypoperfusion (shock)

100
Q

The respiratory system and the cardiovascular system

A

the cardiopulmonary system

101
Q

The system composed of organs, tissues, and vessels that help to maintain the fluid balance of the body and contribute to the body’s immune system

A

lymphatic system

102
Q

The system of brain spinal cord, and nerves that govern sensation, movement, and thought

A

nervous system

103
Q

brain and spinal cord

A

central nervous system

104
Q

the nerves that enter and leave the spinal cord and travel between the brain and organs

A

peripheral nervous system

105
Q

series of nervous pathways in the brain responsible for keeping one awake

A

reticular activating system

106
Q

type of nerve that pick up information from the body and transmit it to the spinal cord and brain

A

sensory nerves

107
Q

type of nerve that carry messages from the brain to the body

A

motor nerves

108
Q

division of the peripheral nervous system that controls involuntary motor functions

A

autonomic nervous system

109
Q

division of the peripheral nervous system that triggers fight or flight response

A

sympathetic nervous system

110
Q

division of the peripheral nervous system that is engaged in times of relaxation; feed or breed response

A

parasympathetic nervous system

111
Q

system by which food travels through the body and is digested

A

digestive system

112
Q

muscular sac between the esophagus and the small intestine where food digestion begins

A

stomach

113
Q

organ that receives food from the stomach and continues to break it down

A

small intestine

114
Q

three components of the small intestine

A

duodenum, jejunum, ileum

115
Q

muscular tube that removes water from waste products received from the small intestine and moves anything not absorbed toward excretion

A

large intestine

116
Q

largest organ of the body; produces bile to assist in breakdown of fats and assists in the metabolism of various substances

A

liver

117
Q

serves as a storage system for bile from the liver

A

gallbladder

118
Q

gland located behind the stomach that produces insulin and juices that assist in the digestion of food

A

pancreas

119
Q

an organ located in the upper left quadrant of the abdomen that acts as a blood filtration system and a reservoir for reserves of blood

A

spleen

120
Q

a small tube located near the intestines in the right lower quadrant of the abdomen

A

appendix

121
Q

name for the system that is primarily composed of the skin

A

integumentary system

122
Q

outer layer of the skin

A

epidermis

123
Q

how many layers does the epidermis have

A

4 except at hands and feet (5 there)

124
Q

second layer of the skin, rich in blood vessels and nerves

A

dermis

125
Q

layers of fat and soft tissues found below the dermis

A

subcutaneous layer

126
Q

system of glands that produce hormones that help to regulate many body activities and functions

A

endocrine system

127
Q

a hormone produced by the pancreas; critical to the body’s use of sugar

A

insulin

128
Q

a hormone produced by the adrenal glands; also known as adrenaline

A

epinephrine

129
Q

the body system that regulates fluid balance and the filtration of blood

A

renal (urinary) system

130
Q

organs of the renal system used to filter blood and regulate fluid levels in the body

A

kidneys

131
Q

round saclike organ of the renal system used as a reservoir for urine

A

bladder

132
Q

the tubes connecting the kidneys to the bladder

A

ureters

133
Q

tube connecting the bladder to the vagina or penis for excretion of urine

A

urethra

134
Q

the body system that is responsible for human reproduction

A

reproductive system

135
Q

male organs of reproduction used for the production of sperm

A

testes

136
Q

egg-producing organs within the female reproductive system

A

ovaries

EMT (11 decks)

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