Ch. 6 - Anatomy and Physiology Flashcards
1
Q
What is the medical term for the adam’s apple?
A
thyroid cartilage
2
Q
What do ligaments connect?
A
bone to bone
3
Q
What do tendons connect?
A
muscle to bone
4
Q
The top, back, and sides of the skull
A
cranium
5
Q
The front of the skull
A
face
6
Q
What is the lower jaw bone?
A
mandible
7
Q
What are the upper jaw bones?
A
maxillae
8
Q
What bones surround the eyes?
A
orbits
9
Q
What bones provide structure to cheeks?
A
zygomatic arches
10
Q
How many vertebrae are in the spinal column?
A
33
11
Q
What are the 5 divisions of the spine?
A
Cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, coccyx
12
Q
What is the medical term for the chest?
A
thorax
13
Q
What is the internal space formed by the bones of the thorax?
A
thoracic cavity
14
Q
What is the medical term for the breastbone?
A
sternum
15
Q
What is the basin-shaped bony structure at the bottom of the spine?
A
pelvis
16
Q
The superior and widest portion of the pelvis
A
ilium
17
Q
The lower, posterior portions of the pelvis
A
ischium
18
Q
The medial anterior portion of the pelvis
A
pubis
19
Q
The pelvic socket into which the ball end of the femur fits
A
acetabulum
20
Q
The superior portion of the sternum
A
manubrium
21
Q
The inferior portion of the sternum
A
xiphoid process
22
Q
The large bone of the thight
A
femur
23
Q
The kneecap
A
patella
24
Q
The medial and larger bone of the lower leg
A
tibia
25
The lateral and smaller bone of the lower leg
fibula
26
The protrusion on the side of the ankle at the lower end of the fibula?
lateral malleolus
27
The protrusion on the side of the ankle at the lower end of the tibia
medial malleolus
28
The ankle bones
tarsals
29
The foot bones
metatarsals
30
The heel bone
calcaneus
31
The toe bones and finger bones
phalanges
32
The collarbone
clavicle
33
The shoulder blade
scapula
34
the highest portion of the shoulder
acromion process
35
The joint where the acromion and the clavicle meet
acromioclavicular joint
36
The bone of the upper arm
humerous
37
The lateral bone of the forearm
radius
38
The medial bone of the forearm
ulna
39
The wrist bones
carpals
40
The hand bones
metacarpals
41
The point where two bones come together
joint
42
A muscle that can be controlled consciously
voluntary muscle
43
A muscle that responds automatically to brain signals
involuntary muscle
44
Specialized involuntary muscle found only in the heart
cardiac muscle
45
The ability of the heart to generate and conduct electrical impulses on its own
automaticity
46
Another word for the respiratory system
pulmonary system
47
The area directly posterior to the mouth
oropharynx
48
The area directly posterior to the nose
nasopharynx
49
The area directly posterior to the mouth and nose
pharynx
50
A leaf-shaped structure that prevents food and foreign matter from entering the trachea
epiglottis
51
The voice box
larynx
52
The ring-shaped structure that forms the lower portion of the larnyx
cricoid cartilage
53
The opening of the trachea
glottis
54
The "windpipe"; the structure that connects the pharynx to the lungs
trachea
55
The two large sets of branches that come off the trachea and enter the lungs
bronchi; singular bonchus
56
The microscopic sacs of the lungs where gas exchange with the bloodstream takes place
alveoli
57
The branches of the bonchi as they split into the lungs
bronchioles
58
The muscular structure that divides the chest cavity from the abdominal cavity
diaphragm
59
Muscles of the rib cage
intercostal muscles
60
Movement of gases to and from the alveoli
ventilation
61
Process of moving oxygen and carbon dioxide between circulating blood and the cells
respiration
62
Upper chambers of the heart
atria
63
Lower chambers of the heart
ventricles
64
Part of the heart that receives unoxygenated blood from the body
Right atrium
65
Two major veins that return blood from the body to the right atrium
venae cavae (superior and inferior)
66
Receives oxygenated blood returning from the lunbs
Left atrium
67
Sends oxygen-poor blood to the lungs
Right ventricle
68
Sends oxygen-rich blood to the body
Left ventricle
69
Largest artery in the body; it transports blood from the left ventricle to begin systemic circulation
aorta
70
System of specialized muscle tissues that conducts electrical impulses that stimulate the heart to beat
cardia conduction system
71
Any blood vessel carrying blood away from the heart
artery
72
Blood vessels that supply the muscle of the heart
Coronary arteries
73
Muscle of the heart
myocardium
74
Begins at the right ventricle; carries oxygen-poor blood to the lungs
pulmonary artery
75
Major artery of the neck
carotid artery
76
Major artery of the thigh
femoral artery
77
Artery in the upper arm
brachial artery
78
Artery that travels through and supplies the lower arm
radial artery
79
Artery supplying the foot, behind the medial ankle
posterior tibial artery
80
Artery supplying the foot, lateral to the large tendon of the big toe
dorsalis pedis artery
81
Smallest kind of artery
arteriole
82
thin-walled, microscopic blood vessels where the oxygen/c02 and nutrient/waste exchange takes place
capillary
83
Smallest kind of vein
venule
84
Any blood vessel returning blood to the heart
vein
85
Collects blood that is returned from the head and upper body
superior venae cavae
86
Collects blood that is returned from below the heart
inferior venae cavae
87
The vessels that carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium
pulmonary veins
88
Fluid portion of the blood
plasma
89
Components of the blood that carry oxygen to and CO2 away from the cells
red blood cells
90
Components of the blood that help the body fight infection
white blood cells
91
Components of the blood that are membrane-enclosed fragments of specialized cells
platelets
92
Rhythmic beats caused as waves of blood move through and expand the arteries
pulse
93
Radial, brachial, posterior tibial, and dorsalis pedis pulses
peripheral pulses
94
Carotid and femoral pulses
central pulses
95
The force blood exerts on walls of blood vessels
blood pressure
96
The pressure created when the left ventricle contracts and forces blood out into circulations
systolic blood pressure
97
The pressure in the arteries when the left ventricle is refilling
diastolic blood pressure
98
The supply of oxygen and nutrients to and removal of wastes from the cells and tissues of the body as a result of the flow of blood through the capillaries
perfusion
99
Inability of the body to adequately circulate blood to the body's cells to supply them with oxygen and nutrients
Hypoperfusion (shock)
100
The respiratory system and the cardiovascular system
the cardiopulmonary system
101
The system composed of organs, tissues, and vessels that help to maintain the fluid balance of the body and contribute to the body's immune system
lymphatic system
102
The system of brain spinal cord, and nerves that govern sensation, movement, and thought
nervous system
103
brain and spinal cord
central nervous system
104
the nerves that enter and leave the spinal cord and travel between the brain and organs
peripheral nervous system
105
series of nervous pathways in the brain responsible for keeping one awake
reticular activating system
106
type of nerve that pick up information from the body and transmit it to the spinal cord and brain
sensory nerves
107
type of nerve that carry messages from the brain to the body
motor nerves
108
division of the peripheral nervous system that controls involuntary motor functions
autonomic nervous system
109
division of the peripheral nervous system that triggers fight or flight response
sympathetic nervous system
110
division of the peripheral nervous system that is engaged in times of relaxation; feed or breed response
parasympathetic nervous system
111
system by which food travels through the body and is digested
digestive system
112
muscular sac between the esophagus and the small intestine where food digestion begins
stomach
113
organ that receives food from the stomach and continues to break it down
small intestine
114
three components of the small intestine
duodenum, jejunum, ileum
115
muscular tube that removes water from waste products received from the small intestine and moves anything not absorbed toward excretion
large intestine
116
largest organ of the body; produces bile to assist in breakdown of fats and assists in the metabolism of various substances
liver
117
serves as a storage system for bile from the liver
gallbladder
118
gland located behind the stomach that produces insulin and juices that assist in the digestion of food
pancreas
119
an organ located in the upper left quadrant of the abdomen that acts as a blood filtration system and a reservoir for reserves of blood
spleen
120
a small tube located near the intestines in the right lower quadrant of the abdomen
appendix
121
name for the system that is primarily composed of the skin
integumentary system
122
outer layer of the skin
epidermis
123
how many layers does the epidermis have
4 except at hands and feet (5 there)
124
second layer of the skin, rich in blood vessels and nerves
dermis
125
layers of fat and soft tissues found below the dermis
subcutaneous layer
126
system of glands that produce hormones that help to regulate many body activities and functions
endocrine system
127
a hormone produced by the pancreas; critical to the body's use of sugar
insulin
128
a hormone produced by the adrenal glands; also known as adrenaline
epinephrine
129
the body system that regulates fluid balance and the filtration of blood
renal (urinary) system
130
organs of the renal system used to filter blood and regulate fluid levels in the body
kidneys
131
round saclike organ of the renal system used as a reservoir for urine
bladder
132
the tubes connecting the kidneys to the bladder
ureters
133
tube connecting the bladder to the vagina or penis for excretion of urine
urethra
134
the body system that is responsible for human reproduction
reproductive system
135
male organs of reproduction used for the production of sperm
testes
136
egg-producing organs within the female reproductive system
ovaries
