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Unit 4 Review > Ch 6-9 > Flashcards

Ch 6-9 Flashcards

0
Q

What are components of skeletal system

A

Bones, ligaments, tendons

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1
Q

What tissues are present in bone?

A

Not muscle

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2
Q

What are the functions of the skeleton?

A

Support, protect, assists in movement, mineral homeostasis, blood cell production, enclose brain

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3
Q

What is the relationship between the skeletal system and the blood?

A

Hemopoeitic tissues develops red bone marrow that produces red cells, white cells, blood cells

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4
Q

What is found at the ends of long bones?

A

Articulate cartilage, epiphysis

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5
Q

Which membrane lines the medullary cavity of long bone?

A

Endosteum

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6
Q

What is true concerning bone history

A

50% crystalized mineral salts

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7
Q

Which cells would be expected to be most active in replacing bone matrix lost due to an injury

A

Osteoblasts

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8
Q

Describe compact bone

A

Arranged in units called osteons

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9
Q

What is found within compact bone

A

Canaliculi, osteocytes, concentric llamellae, perforating and central canals

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10
Q

Which structures allow communication between blood vessels and nerves in the periosteum and endosteum

A

Central canal

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11
Q

How are the alignment of osteons in compact bone arranged

A

Along lines of stress

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12
Q

Describe spongy bone

A

Houses red bone marrow

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13
Q

What is true of bone scans

A

Determines density of bone

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14
Q

Which blood vessels are associated with a hole in the shaft of long bone

A

Diaphyseal arteries and veins

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15
Q

What is the relationship of nerves and bones

A

Nerves follow blood vessels to supply bones

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16
Q

Explain bone formation

A

Requires placement of pre existing connective tissue

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17
Q

What forms intramembranous ossification

A

Mandible, flat plates of skull, bone that replaces soft spots on infant skull

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18
Q

What happens to the bone matrix during intramembranous ossification

A

Trabeculae develop and fuse to form spongy bone

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19
Q

Compare intramembranous ossification to endochondral ossification

A

Endochondral ossification allows both interstitial and appositional growth

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20
Q

What is the name of the processes that cause bone to increase in size

A

Diameter: appositional growth
Length: interstitial growth

21
Q

What is the epiphyseal plate

A

Consists of 4 zones of chondrocytes

22
Q

What is the zone of hypertrophic cartilage

A

Filled with large chrondrocytes that are accumulating glycogen

23
Q

Which event must occur first in appositional bone growth

A

Differentiation of periosteal cells into osteoblasts

24
Q

What is required for proper bone growth

A

All of the above

25
Q

Which hormone is specifically responsible for terminating growth of the epiphyseal plate in both men and women as they end adolescence

A

Estrogen

26
Q

Explain bone remodeling

A

Requires activity of osteoblasts and osteoclasts

27
Q

Explain breakdown of bone matrix

A

Bone resorption

28
Q

The pediatrician tells the parents that their child has a greenstick fracture. In laymen’s terms what is a greenstick fracture

A

Partial break that results in one side of broken bone bending

29
Q

What are events of fracture repair in the order in which they occur

A

Fracture hematoma forms, fibrocartilaginous callus forms, honey callus forms, bone remodeling

30
Q

Why is the regulation of ca2+ so critical to homeostasis

A

Ca2+ important for proper neuron function and cardiac/skeletal muscle contraction

31
Q

Which hormone is most important in regulating the movement of ca2+ between blood and bones

A

Parathyroid hormone

32
Q

How does pth elevate blood ca2+ levels

A

Increasing number and activity of osteoclasts

33
Q

What happens when calcitonin levels rise

A

Osteoclasts activity is inhibited

34
Q

What happens in aging process of bones

A

Loss of bone mass and brittleness

35
Q

Why are bone important

A

Protect soft tissues of the body, serve as atomical landmark, entire framework of bone and cartilage constitutes the skeletal system

36
Q

What makes up the musculoskeletal system

A

Bones, joints, skeletal muscles

37
Q

How many bones are found in the adult skeleton

A

206 (80 axial,126 appendicular)

38
Q

Which bone type is typically found in ligaments or tendons

A

Sesamoid bone

39
Q

Why are adult long bones usually slightly curved

A

Curves allow mechanical stress to be evenly distributed

40
Q

What causes bone surface markings

A

Develop in response to stress placed on bone

41
Q

A point of contacted between two bones, bone and cartilage, or bone and teeth is called

A

Joint arthrosis, articulation

42
Q

Structural classification of a joint is based one

A

Anatomical characteristics, type that link them together, space between the bones, presence or absence of synovial cavity

43
Q

I student examining a joint observes collagen rich connective tissue fibers linking the bones, but finds no synovial cavity. Which structural classification fits the observed joint

A

Fibrous

44
Q

What are examples of synarthrosis

A

Skull sutures, teeth in sockets

45
Q

Explain sutures

A

Interlocking edges reduce likelihood of fracture

46
Q

What is true of all synovial joints

A

All diathrosis

47
Q

What is synovial fluid

A

Absorbs mechanical shock. Lubricates diathrotic joints, reduces friction

48
Q

Some synovial joints are strengthened by joints that lie outside the articulate capsule or outside of folds of synovial membrane. Such ligaments are called

A

Extra capsular ligaments

49
Q

What are mensici

A

Helps bones fit together

Unit 4 Review (1 decks)

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