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Ch 4 > Ch 6 @ 7 > Flashcards

Ch 6 @ 7 Flashcards

0
Q

Types of weathering

A

Mechanical -(heat/pressure) rock

Chemical - with water

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1
Q 
Precipitation 
Floods 
Snow and ice 
Affects Wind 
Erosion 
Weathering
Terrestrial vegetation 
Natural resource
A

Impact of moisture on landscape

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2
Q

Water occurs in three forms

A

Ice liquid and water vapor

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3
Q

Properties of water

A

Changes state
Expands upon freezing
Adhesion

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4
Q

Changes state

A

Liquid
Solid
Vapor

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5
Q

Expands upon freezing

A
  • important in weathering of rock
  • basis of shelf ice & ice bergs
  • makes ice less sense than liquid water which makes it float
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6
Q

Adhesion

A

“Sticky”
•surface tension
•capillary action

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7
Q

Capillary action

A

Against gravity allows water to climb upward

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8
Q

Phase changes of water

A

Water > vapor> ice

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9
Q

Evaporation

A

Water to water vapor (stores latent heat)

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10
Q

Condensation

A

Water vapor to water (releases latent heat)

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11
Q

Sublimation released

A

Water vapor to ice

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12
Q

Sublimation stored

A

Ice to water vapor

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13
Q

Melting absorbed

A

Ice to water

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14
Q

Freezing released

A

Water to ice

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15
Q

Continuos interchange of moisture between earth and the atmosphere

A

Hydrologic cycle of water

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16
Q

3 types of Evaporations

A
  • 3 controls
  • evapotranspiration
  • P:PE
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17
Q

Rates (controls)

A
  • Temp of water and air
  • degree of windiness
  • drier air
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18
Q

Water vapor/moisture entering the air from land sources like soil and plants

A

Evapotranspiration

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19
Q

When precipitation exceeds potential evapotranspiration

A

There is a water surplus in the ground

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20
Q

Most commonly, potential evaporation exceeds precipitation causing

A

No water for rhetorician in ground

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21
Q

Specific humidity
Absolute humidity
Vapor pressure

A

Measures of humidity (amts. of water vapor in air)

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22
Q

Mass of water vapor in a given mass of air. Only changes with aristo on in vapor quantity

A

Specific humidity

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23
Q

Contribution of water vapor to total pressure in the atmosphere

A

Vapor pressure

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24
Mass of water vapor in a given volume of air, changes with air mass quantity
Absolute vapor humidity
25
Most familiar measure of humidity
Relative humidity
26
Not a direct measure of actual water vapor content in air. Describes how close the air is to saturation with water vapor ration.
Relative humidity
27
Actual / capacity X 100%
Relative humidity
28
As temperature increases
Relative humidity decreases
29
As temperature decreases
Relative humidity increases
30
The temperature at which saturation is reached
Few point temperature
31
1. Air must be saturated 2. Condensation nuclei present 3. Air temp cooled to few point
For condensation to occur
32
Only Prominent mechanism for the development of clouds and the production of rain
Adiabatic cooling
33
Collection centers for h2o molecules during condensation
Condensation nuclei
34
Unequal heating ground warm by conduction but air on sides is cool
Converting
35
Unlike air masses meet but don't mix , warm rises over cool air
Frontal ☀⤴/☔
36
Topographic barriers cause large air masses to ascend
Orographic ☔↗
37
Uplift because of crowding
Convergent
38
Ascending air cools adiabatically to few point water vapor condenses and descending air warms adiabatically on rain shadow area
Orographic
39
Heat can be stored or released
Adiabatic processes
40
When air mass rises high enough and cools the to the few point, condensation begins and clouds form.
Lifting condensation level. LCL
41
A large parcel of air that has relatively uniform properties in the horizontal dimension and moves as an entity
Air masses
42
Uniform properties
Temp. Humidity. Stability.
43
``` Strong winds Thunder Lightning Darkened skies Precipitation Flooding Damaged buildings ```
Immediate impacts of storms on landscapes
44
Positive long term impacts
Water supply Vegetation Plant growth
45
Large, recognizable entity, uniform properties, distinct girl surroundings Have to be stable
Air mass characteristics
46
Most air masses develop in
Source regions
47
Origins in Continental or maritime (oceanic)
Air masses
48
What latitudes are they mostly found on?
Low latitudes not high latitudes
49
Air masses within which sphere
Troposphere
50
Form in anticyclone conditions
Air masses
51
Low latitudes are
Hot.
52
Cold latitudes are
High
53
0-10
Equatorial temp
54
10-35
Tropical temp
55
55-70
Polar
56
70-90
Arctic/ Antarctic
57
Dry air
Xontinental
58
Moist air
Maritime
59
35-55 mid latitude is a source for air masses
FALSE not a major source region
60
When unlike air masses meet but do not mix readily,
Front develops
61
Cold front
62
⛔⛔⛔⛔front formed by advancing warm air
Warm fribt
63
⛔
Occluded front
64
Stationary front ^u^u^u
Neither air mass displaces the other
65
35-55 mid latitude disturbances
Battle ground between tropical and polar air masses
66
``` Referred to as high Sane or flower rate than Large migratory high pressure Upper air convergence Divergence surface wind (clockwise) ```
Mid latitude anticyclones
67
``` Depressions Wave cyclones Lows Found in westerly winds Have s converging counterclockwise circulation pattern in NH. ``` Attracts cool air from N warm from S
Mid latitude cyclones
68
Backwards
Cold front
69
Forward
Warm front
70
Intense tropical cyclones Low pressure Developed in tropics and move poleward to mid latitude
Major tropical disturbances "hurricanes"
71
Tropical depressions Tropical storms Tropical cyclones
Types of hurricanes
72
When wind speed is less than or equal to 33 knots
Tropical depression
73
When wind speed is between 34-63 knots
Tropical storm
74
Wind speed is at or above 64
Hurricane /tropical cyclone
75
``` Steep pressure gradient Cyclone convergence Intense low pressure High wind speed Heavy rain & Energy source release Towering cumulus and cumulonimbus clouds Eye/ eye wall of hurricane ```
Characteristics of a hurricane
76
Feature of a well developed storm
Whe
77
Reach highest speed at
Eye wall of hurricane
78
Powered by
Warm air
79
``` Seasonality Warm tropic oceans Coriolis effect ITCZ zone Upper atmosphere winds No wins in troposphere ```
Origin of hurricanes
80
Hurricanes Develop in or just on poleward side of
ITCZ
81
Rare at equator because of
Coriolanus effect
82
Cannot hit "" lose energy by then
Inland
83
Move in
Low latitude regions
84
Air pressure goes down wind speed goes
Up
85
There are now more hurricanes because of
Global warming
86
Very cold dry and stable
A) arctic anarchic
87
Cold dry very stable
cP Continental polar
88
Cold moist relatively unstable
mP maritime polar
89
Hot very dry unstable
CT Continental tropical
90
Warm moist variables stability
Mt Maritime tropical
91
Warm very moist unstable
E equatorial

Ch 4 (3 decks)

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