ch. 6 Flashcards
What is a good example of an open-loop system?
a traffic signal at a major intersection (the pattern of red and green lights is controlled from a program that handles this sequence w/o regard to moment-to-moment variations in traffic patterns)
T or F: open-loop systems are sensitive to feedback
False! open-loop systems are NOT sensitive to feedback
Response-hypothesis chain: _____ or _____ signal initiates movement causing a muscle contraction.
external, internal
Response-hypothesis chain: feedback comes from…
muscle spindles, joint receptors, or vision/audition
T or F: open-loop movements cannot be modified if something goes wrong
True
T or F: sensation from a moving limb is not essential for motor performance
True
T or F: deafferented animals and humans can produce skilled actions with feedback
False!
…without feedback
central pattern generators: Novelty problem
the means by which the motor program could create a new action
central pattern generators: Storage problem
requirements of storage in the CNS for many different motor programs
Theory Justification
Slowness of information process
Evidence for planning movements in advance
GMP: storage problem
the theory holds that an infinite number of movements can be produced by a single GMP, so only one program needs to be stored for each class of movement rather than an infinite number.
GMP: novelty problem
the theory suggests that a second memory representation, a schema, is the theoretical structure responsible for supplying parameters needed at the time of movement execution. Note that, using a parameter not used before, the person can produce a novel action.
Motor programs are thought to contain an abstract representation for a class of movements with invariant features pertaining to…
Order of events
Relative timing (or temporal structure)
Relative force with which event is to be produced
What are the required parameters for motor programs?
Overall contraction force
Overall duration of movements
Muscles or limbs needed to carry the movement
