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Chapter 6 > ch 6 > Flashcards

ch 6 Flashcards

1
Q

Phosholipid

A
  • bilayer
  • amphipathic (hydrophilic head, hydrophobic tail)
  • hydrophobic barrier: keeps hydrophilic molecules out
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2
Q

Cell membrane

A

plasma membranes are selectively permeable

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3
Q

selectively permeable

A

allow some substance to cross more easily than others
small molecules cross easily (hydrocarbons, co2 o2 )
hydrophobic cor prevents passage on ions, large polar molecules

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4
Q

fluid mosaic model

A

FLUID: membrane held together by weak interactions
MOSAIC: phospholipids, proteins, carbs

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5
Q

two kinds of membrane proteins

A

integral and peripheral

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6
Q

integral proteins

A

embedded in membran
determined by freeze fracture
transmembrane with hydrophilic heads/tails and hydrophobic middles

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7
Q

peripheral proteins

A

extracellular of membrane
not embedded
held in place by ecm
provides stronger framework

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8
Q

functions of membrane proteins

A 
transport
enzymatic activity 
signical transduction 
cell to cell recognition 
intercellular joining 
attachment to the cytoskeleton and ecm
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9
Q

Passive transport

A

no energy needed
diffusion (down concentration gradient)
High to low concentration
e.g.. co2 o2 h2o

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10
Q

carbohydrates functions

A

cell to cell recognition and developing organisms

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11
Q

examples of carbs in cell membrane

A

glycolipids, glycoproteins

blood transfusion and type specific

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12
Q

diffusion

A

spreading of something more widely

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13
Q

what does diffusion do

A

reach equilibrium

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14
Q

the freeze fracture method

A

revealed the structure of membranes interior

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15
Q

how do cells arrange themselves in groups?

A

cell recognition
cell adhesion
(integral glycoproteins)

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16
Q

fibers of ecm

A

collagen
fibronectin
proteoglycan complex

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17
Q

cholesterol

A

helps with fluidity inside membrane

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18
Q

carrier protein example

A

glucose transport protein

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19
Q

osmosis

A

diffusion of water (high to low)

20
Q

active transport

A

requires energy (ATP)
proteins transport substances AGAINST concentration gradient
low to high
eg. sodium potassium pump, proton pump

21
Q

the potassium channel

A

custom fit for potassium

potassium is attracted by the negative oxygen atoms in protein

22
Q

hypertonic

A

high solute causes cells to shrivel

23
Q

isotonic

A

neutral

24
Q

hypotonic

A

low solute causing cells to swell

25
Q

three types of proteins for active transport

A

uniporter
symporter
antiporter

26
Q

uniporter

A

transports one substance in one directions

27
Q

symporter

A

transports two different substances in the same direction

28
Q

antiporter

A

transports two different substances in opposite direction

29
Q

aquaporin

A

channel protein that allows passage of water

30
Q

facilitated diffusion

A 
requires transport proteins 
help hydrophilic substances cross
two ways:
provide hydrophilic channel 
loosely bind/carry molecule across 
eg. water, glucose ions polar molecules
31
Q

what are transport proteins

A

channel or carrier proteins

32
Q

electronic pumps

A

generate voltage across membranes

eg. sodium potassium and proton pump

33
Q

sodium potassium pump

A

pumps sodium out and potassium into cell

nerve transmission

34
Q

proton pump

A 
pushes protons (H+) across membrane
ex. mitochondria (ATP production)
35
Q

cotransport

A

membrane protein enables “downhill” diffusion of one solute to drive “uphill” transport of other
eg. atp production in plants

36
Q

Passive transport

A

little to no energy
high to low concentrations
down the concentration gradient
eg. diffusion, osmosis, facilitated diffusion (w/ transport protein)

37
Q

active transport

A

requires energy (ATP)
low to high concentration
against concentration gradient
eg. pumps, exo/endocytosis

38
Q

bulk transport

A

transport of proteins, polysaccharides, large molecules
eg.
endocytosis
exocytosis

39
Q

endocytosis

A

take in molecules, form new vesicles

40
Q

exocytosis

A

vesicles fuse with cell membrane, expel contents

41
Q

types of endocytosis

A

phagocytosis

pinocytosis

42
Q

phagocytosis

A

cellular eating - solids

43
Q

pinocytosis

A

cellular drinking - fluids

44
Q

receptor mediated endocytosis;

A

ligands bind to specific receptor on cell surface

45
Q

osmoregulation

A

control solute and water balance
contractile vacuole
eg. paramecium caudatum - freshwater protist

46
Q

contractile vacuole

A

bilge pump, forces out fresh water as it enter by osmosis

Chapter 6 (1 decks)

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