Ch 6

Question 1

Activation energy

Answer 1

Energy necessary for reactions to occur.

Question 2

Active site

Answer 2

Enzyme’s specific region to which the substrate binds.

Question 3

Allosteric inhibition

Answer 3

Inhibition bybinding at a site different from the active site, reducing enzyme-substrate affinity.

Question 4

Anabolic (Anabolism)

Answer 4

Pathways building complex molecules from simpler ones, requiring energy input.

Question 5

ATP

Answer 5

Adenosine triphosphate, the cell’s energy currency.

Question 6

Bioenergetics

Answer 6

Study of energy flow through living systems.

Question 7

Catabolic (Catabolism)

Answer 7

Pathways breaking down complex molecules into simpler ones, releasing energy.

Question 8

Chemical energy

Answer 8

Potential energy stored in chemical bonds, released when broken.

Question 9

Coenzyme

Answer 9

Small organic molecule (vitamin derivative) enhancing enzyme activity.

Question 10

Cofactor

Answer 10

Inorganic ion (e.g., iron, magnesium) required for optimal enzyme activity.

Question 11

Competitive inhibition

Answer 11

Inhibitor competes with substrate for the enzyme’s active site.

Question 12

Denature

Answer 12

Process changing a substance’s natural properties (e.g., protein shape).

Question 13

Endergonic

Answer 13

Chemical reactions requiring energy input.

Question 14

Enthalpy

Answer 14

A system’s total energy.

Question 15

Entropy (S)

Answer 15

Measure of randomness or disorder within a system.

Question 16

Exergonic

Answer 16

Chemical reactions releasing free energy.

Question 17

Feedback inhibition

Answer 17

Product of a reaction sequence inhibits its own production by blocking the first enzyme.

Question 18

Free energy

Answer 18

Usable energy available to do work (Gibbs free energy).

Question 19

Heat energy

Answer 19

Energy transferred between systems as non-work (e.g., molecular motion).

Question 20

Induced fit

Answer 20

Dynamic interaction between enzyme and substrate, both adapting for optimal binding.

Question 21

Kinetic energy

Answer 21

Energy associated with objects or particles in motion.

Question 22

Metabolism

Answer 22

All chemical reactions within cells, including anabolism and catabolism.

Question 23

Potential energy

Answer 23

Stored energy with the potential to do work.

Question 24

Substrate

Answer 24

Molecule an enzyme acts on.

Question 25

Thermodynamics

Answer 25

Study of energy and energy transfer involving physical matter.

Question 26

Transition state

Answer 26

High-energy, unstable intermediate form between substrate and product during a reaction.