CH 53 Flashcards
What do you need to know before preparing to administer a drug?
The uses, contradictions interactions, and adverse effects of a drug
Drugs and Drug Allergies
Before any medication is given, the physician should be aware of the medications the pt. is currently taking.
What is NKDA?
No Known Drug Allergies
What do you need to know about administration site?
-drugs might be administered for either local or systemic effect.
For local effects, where do you apply the medication?
directly on the skin, tissue, or mucous membranes
for systemic effects where do you administer the drug?
In routes that allow drugs to be absorbed in the bloodstream.
Locate and inspect injection site. Where can you NOT administer an injection?
Moles, Scars, Birth marks, Traumatic injuries, Redness, Rash, Edema, Cyanosis, Burns, Tattoos, Site of mastectomy, Paralyze areas, and Warts.
Patient condition
Before administering a medication, observe the pt for any condition that might interfere with the medication you will be administering.
Some Dr. office ask for patients so sign a ____before an injection.
Consent form
- it provides general information about the medication and a list of side or adverse effects.
What are the general rules for drug administration?
3 RULES!
1- Check medication when getting out of the storage.
2-Check when you prepare it.
3- Check before you close the storage container and before administering to the pt.
What is Buccal Route?
When you place a drug between a pt’s Gum and Cheeks.
*tell the pt do not chew. eat, drink, or smoke until the tablet has completely dissolved.
What is Intradermal Route?
When a drug is administered by injection, between the upper layers of the skin.
- TB test is the most common one= 48 to 72 tb reading
- Allergy shots= reaction takes about 15-20 mins after.
What is Intramuscular route?
When an injection is administered into the muscle.
- the drug is absorbed within 3 to 5 mins.
- Solution and powders for reconstitution.
What is Intravenous Route?
Administered by injection or infusion into the vein.
- the drug is absorbed in 15-30 seconds!
- Solution in bags of 25, 500 or 1000 mL, powders for reconstitution, blood products and blood.
What is Oral Route?
When a drug is given to swallow.
*drug will be absorbed in 20 to 3 hrs. depending on food and drug ingestion.
tablets, capsules,liquids and lozenges.
What is Rectal Route?
When a drug is in a form of a suppository into pt’s rectum
- administer a solution as an enema using a tube and nozzle.
- suppositories and solutions.
What is Subcutaneous Route?
When a drug is administer by injection into the subcutaneous layer.
- drugs are absorbed in 3-5 mins
- Solutions and powders for reconstitution.
What is Sublingual Route?
When the drug is placed under the pts tongue.
*Tell pt to leave tablet there and do not chew,drink,eat, or smoke until it dissolves.
What is topical Route?
When a drug is applied to the pt’s skin or rubbed.
*ointments, Lotions, Creams, and tinctures, powders, sprays and solutions.
Oral administration
Drugs that are swallowed.
- are absorbed relatively slowly as they travel along the GI tract.
- Tablets, liquids,capsules, and lozenges
Buccal and Sublingual Adminiatrations
- The drugs are placed in the mouth and DO NOT continue along the GI tract.
- They are dissolved and absorbed in the tissue that is rich in capillaries.
- The drug enters directly into the blood stream and produces a therapeutic effect quicker than oral drugs.
what is a cored tablet?
A tablet with an indention in the middle so it can be broken in half.
When is oral administration contraindicated?
When the pt has a severe nausea, is comatose, or cannot swallow.
how many basic rights?
6!!!
1- Right pt= verify name & DOB
2-Right Drug=Compare Drug to the one being ordered
3-Right Dose=Compare dose with the order.
4-Right Route=Check to see what the Dr ordered
5-Right Time= Give it at the right time
6-Right Documentation= Document the procedure, Name of drug, Lott, dose, Vaccine.
Not reporting an error is?
unethical and in some cases illegal
What is parental administration?
The administration of a drug by muscle, vein or any means other than through the GI tract.
Why does parental administration poses more safety risks to the pt?
after the drug has been injected it can NOT be retrieved.
*Also a potential exposure to blood born pathogens for the MAS
What is Diluent?
is a liquid used to dissolve and dilute a drug
Which gauge is used for thick medication?
18 gauge
Drug placed between pt’s gum and cheek?
is buccal Route
what is the suggested needle for a 1 to 12 month old?
- 18 to 23 gauge
- 1 inch
- 1 mL
- on the anterolateral thigh muscle.
Suggested needle for adults 19 and up?
- 18 to 23 gauge
- lenght 1 to 1 1/2 inch
- 3 mL
- deltoid muscle of the arm
After using a needle you should engage the safety mechanism & immediately place the needle in a ___?
Sharps container
You might brake a tablet to provide a smaller dose only if the tablet is ____?
Score
Before administering a medication you should always check the meditation ___ times.
3!
Physicians usually prescribe vaginal drugs to treat local bacteria or___ infections.
Fungal
Skin test are usually administered by___ injection.
Intradermal
The ___ of a needle is measured of its inside diameter.
Gauge
Parental administration of a drug generally applies to giving a drug by_____?
muscle, veins or other than the GI tract
