Ch. 50 Flashcards
A fish detects vibrations in the water around it by means of lateral line, rows of sensory receptors along each side of the body. Based on what you know about sensory receptors, the lateral line receptors are probably which of the following
Hair cells
If we stand up too quickly the blood pressure in the head and neck (and blood flow to the brain) will decrease. Which kind of receptors will respond to this decrease in blood pressure
Mechanoreceptors
Taste and smell are two distinct senses in animals living in terrestrial environments. Animals living in aquatic environments however have no distinction between taste and smell. Which response might explain this difference
The equivalent of air in the terrestrial environment does not exist in aqueous environment
A baby is born with the normal number and distribution of rods, but no cones. We would expect that the baby’s vision would be
Color blind
Easily blinded by bright light
Capable of only coarse resolving power
The body uses vitamin A precursors from some foods to make a substance called retinal which is important for vision because it
Is a part of photopigments that absorb light
____ tastes indicate potentially ___ substances
Sour, bitter
Toxic
The ability of sensory systems to convert stimulus energy into changes in membrane potential and action potentials is referred to as
Transduction
Amplify converts to sensory pathway
In some vertebrate animals the ____ is important for the detection of chemicals called pheromones
Vomeronasal organ
The senses of taste and smell are provided by the ____ of invertebrate animals
Sensilla
The sense of hearing is provided by the ____ of terrestrial vertebrate animals
Hair cells
To help maintain balance, mechanoreceptors called ____ detect body position in vertebrate animals
Proprioceptors
Ear bones (ossicles) are found in the ____ ear of some vertebrate animals
Middle
In many vertebrate animals the ____ ear contains mechanoreceptors for the sense of hearing
Inner
Thermoreceptors that monitor your internal body temperature are located in the
Hypothalamus
Vertebrate animals with magnetoreception can detect variation in the earths magnetic field with specialized neurons in the
Olfactory epithelium
Dichromatic color vision occurs in ____ while tri, tetra, and pentachromatic color vision occurs in
Most mammals
Fish birds and reptiles
The photo pigment consists of two covalently bonded parts. The Opsin _______________ and the chromophore _______________
Opsin- determines the wavelength of light absorbed
Chromophore- absorbs photon energy to convert bond from cis to trans
Mechanoreceptors that detect external touch, pressure, and vibration in vertebrate animals are called
Tactile receptors
Both olfactory and gustatory receptors of invertebrates are located
In many parts of the body
The gustatory system of vertebrate animals detects
Five tastants
Sense of Gustation in _______ animals is provided by modified ______ clustered in groups called taste buds
Vertebrate
Epithelial cells
Variation among vertebrates in their ability to distinguish different colors results from differences in their
Cones
In the sliding filament model, _____ of calcium ions allows ____ overlap between myosin and actin during contraction
Presence
More
In the control of whole muscle contraction strength, _______ increases the amount of contraction of individual muscle cells termed _____
Summation
Fibers
(Recruitment- number of fibers that contract
Motor unit-many fibers)
The cost of locomotion per unit body mass and distance traveled is ____ related to body mass and it lowest for animals adapted for _____
Inversely
Flying
(Running is highest)
