Ch 5 - Water, Air, and Weather

Question 1

How much of the earth’s surface is covered with water?

Answer 1

three quarters

Question 2

What are clouds made of?

Answer 2

water and air

Question 3

Which kind of cloud is large and puffy?

Answer 3

cumulus

Question 4

Which kind of cloud is light and feathery?

Answer 4

cirrus

Question 5

Which kind of cloud looks like a blanket?

Answer 5

stratus

Question 6

Which kind of cloud sometimes forms thunderheads?

Answer 6

cumulus

Question 7

Which kind of cloud is called fog when it is very close to earth?

Answer 7

stratus

Question 8

Which kind of cloud is often a sign of an approaching storm?

Answer 8

cirrus

Question 9

Which kind of cloud is made of air and ice crystals?

Answer 9

cirrus

Question 10

Which kind of cloud usually brings light rain or snow?

Answer 10

stratus

Question 11

Which kind of cloud usually appears during fair weather?

Answer 11

cumulus

Question 12

What percentage of your body is water?

Answer 12

65%

Question 13

How much water does your body need to take in each day?

Answer 13

About 1.5 litres (Abbie) or 2 litres for an adult woman

Question 14

What happens to your blood if you do not replace the water your body loses each day?

Answer 14

The blood becomes thicker and harder for the heart to pump.

Question 15

What is matter?

Answer 15

anything that takes up space and has weight.

Question 16

What is a molecule?

Answer 16

the smallest piece of a substance that still has all the qualities of that substance

Question 17

What are the particles that make up a molecule called?

Answer 17

atoms

Question 18

What happens to molecules of water during photosynthesis?

Answer 18

They are split into atoms of hydrogen and oxygen.

Question 19

What happens to atoms of hydrogen and oxygen when your body uses food?

Answer 19

They are combined to form water.

Question 20

In what three states does matter exist?

Answer 20

solid, liquid, and gas

Question 21

Give an example of something in its solid, liquid, and gas states.

Answer 21

As a solid, water is ice; as a liquid, water; and as a gas, steam or water vapour.

Question 22

Are ice, water, and steam different substances? Why or why not?

Answer 22

No. They are all different forms of the same substance.

Question 23

Which state of matter has no shape and does not fill up a fixed amount of space?

Answer 23

a gas

Question 24

Which state of matter has a definite shape and fills up a fixed amount of space?

Answer 24

a solid

Question 25

Which state of matter has no shape of its own but fills up a fixed amount of space?

Answer 25

a liquid

Question 26

List the states of matter according to the speeds of their molecules, from fastest to slowest.

Answer 26

gas, liquid, solid

Question 27

Describe the action of molecules in a solid.

Answer 27

They vibrate very slowly.

Question 28

What causes molecules to move more rapidly?

Answer 28

heat

Question 29

What happens when the motion of the molecules in a solid or a liquid becomes stronger than the attraction of the molecules to each other?

Answer 29

The liquid becomes a gas and the solid becomes a liquid.

Question 30

Which state of matter is represented in the picture shown?

Answer 30

a gas

Question 31

Which state of matter is represented in the picture shown?

Answer 31

a liquid

Question 32

Which state of matter is represented in the picture shown?

Answer 32

a solid

Question 33

What is water's melting point?

Answer 33

0 degrees Celsius (32 F)

Question 34

What is water's boiling point?

Answer 34

100 degrees Celsius (212 F)

Question 35

What happens to most liquids when they become colder?

Answer 35

They contract.

Question 36

What happens to water when it becomes colder?

Answer 36

It expands.

Question 37

Why is this unique characteristic of water important?

Answer 37

It's important because it causes ice to float rather than sink.

Question 38

Why can objects heavier than water float in water?

Answer 38

surface tension

Question 39

The ability to do work is...

Answer 39

energy

Question 40

Work is done when an object has been...

Answer 40

moved

Question 41

The force which draws things down toward the centre of the earth is...

Answer 41

gravity

Question 42

True or false: In order for you to lift something, you must exert less force than gravity does on that object.

Answer 42

False. You must exert more force than gravity.

Question 43

Potential energy is what kind of energy?

Answer 43

stored energy

Question 44

What supplies energy to water to make steam?

Answer 44

heat

Question 45

What is the layer of air surrounding the earth called?

Answer 45

the atmosphere

Question 46

In which of the three states of matter does air exist naturally?

Answer 46

gas

Question 47

Which of the gases in the air is the most plentiful?

Answer 47

nitrogen

Question 48

Why is oxygen important for people, animals, and plants?

Answer 48

They need oxygen to breathe and to create energy.

Question 49

Which gas do plants take from the air in order to make food?

Answer 49

carbon dioxide

Question 50

What keeps the blanket of air around the earth?

Answer 50

gravity

Question 51

Besides the atmosphere, where would you find air?

Answer 51

in the soil and in water

Question 52

True or false: Air is matter.

Answer 52

true

Question 53

True or false: Air weighs less than an equal amount of a solid or a liquid.

Answer 53

true

Question 54

True or false: Although solids exert pressure, liquids and gases do not.

Answer 54

false

Question 55

True or false: Air pressure at the top of a high mountain is equal to air pressure at sea level.

Answer 55

False. Air pressure decreases as you go higher into the atmosphere.

Question 56

True or false: You do not feel air pressing down on you because pressure on all sides of you is equal.

Answer 56

true

Question 57

How is air warmed?

Answer 57

by the earth

Question 58

True or false: The sun heats the air more than it does the land.

Answer 58

false

Question 59

Why is it that not every place on earth receives the same amount of heat?

Answer 59

because the earth is tilted

Question 60

How does uneven heating of the earth cause wind?

Answer 60

Uneven heating produces air that is cold and warm. As air continually heats and rises, cooler air continually flows in to take the place left by warmed air. This constant motion of the air is what causes wind.

Question 61

List three helpful things the wind does.

Answer 61

1. helps to even out the earth's temperature; 2. pollinates some plants 3. lets us know of changing weather

Question 62

List three harmful effects of the wind.

Answer 62

1. spreads bushfires 2. causes sandstorms 3. causes erosion

Question 63

Why would you not want to depend on wind power for all of the electricity you need?

Answer 63

The wind does not always blow at a constant speed.

Question 64

True or false: Some of the air that we breathe does not contain water vapour.

Answer 64

False. All air contains water vapour.

Question 65

True or false: Water changes state as it travels from the earth to the air, over and over again.

Answer 65

true

Question 66

True or false: Water can be in the air as a gas or a liquid but not as a solid.

Answer 66

false

Question 67

True or false: There is always the same amount of water vapour in the air.

Answer 67

false

Question 68

True or false: Cool air can hold more water vapour than warm air.

Answer 68

false

Question 69

True or false: The process by which water becomes water vapour is called **evaporation.**

Answer 69

true

Question 70

True or false: Heat from the sun causes evaporation.

Answer 70

true

Question 71

True or false: Water evaporates more quickly on cool days than on hot days.

Answer 71

false

Question 72

What kind of water is always in the air?

Answer 72

water vapour

Question 73

Is warm, moist air lighter or heavier than cool air?

Answer 73

lighter

Question 74

As it rises away from the earth's surface, warm air begins to...

Answer 74

cool

Question 75

Cool air cannot hold as much of this as warm air can.

Answer 75

water vapour

Question 76

When water vapour in the air cools and turns into tiny droplets of liquid water, what takes place?

Answer 76

condensation

Question 77

Water in the air condenses on tiny pieces of what

Answer 77

dust in the air

Question 78

Four kinds of precipitation are...

Answer 78

rain, sleet, snow, hailstones

Question 79

Water vapour that condenses on the grass at night is called...

Answer 79

dew

Question 80

Tiny crystals of ice that are made of frozen water vapour are...

Answer 80

frost

Question 81

What do we call rain that freezes into small, hard balls of ice?

Answer 81

sleet

Question 82

What are snowflakes made of?

Answer 82

frozen water vapour

Question 83

How many sides of points do snowflakes have?

Answer 83

six

Question 84

Why must you melt ten inches of snow to get one inch of water?

Answer 84

There is trapped air in the snowflakes.

Question 85

Explain how hail is formed.

Answer 85

Raindrops fall through very cold air and are frozen. The frozen raindrop is then blown back high into the cloud by a gust of wind. The frozen raindrop then falls through the cold air again, and a new layer of ice is added. This continues until the hailstone becomes too heavy to be blown back up into the cloud.

Question 86

Describe the appearance of cirrostratus clouds.

Answer 86

thick sheets of wispy cirrus clouds

Question 87

Describe the appearance of stratocumulus clouds.

Answer 87

low layers of puffy cumulus clouds

Question 88

Describe the appearance of cirrocumulus clouds.

Answer 88

piled up cirrus clouds

Question 89

What does nimbus mean?

Answer 89

rain or storm

Question 90

Compare the rain from nimbostratus clouds to the rain from cumulonimbus clouds.

Answer 90

Nimbostratus clouds bring a steady rain or snow, whereas cumulonimbus clouds bring sudden, heavy rains.

Question 91

What are meteorologists?

Answer 91

scientists who study the weather

Question 92

What is an air mass?

Answer 92

a large body of air which has the same temperature and humidity

Question 93

What conditions of an air mass are measured by a meteorologist?

Answer 93

temperature humidity air pressure precipitation wind speed

Question 94

What are two different ways meteorologists measure conditions in the upper atmosphere?

Answer 94

Any of: balloons ships planes satellites

Question 95

Why is short-range forecast more reliable than an extended forecast?

Answer 95

Short-range forecasts are based on current information, and long-range forecasts are based on normal weather patterns.