Ch 5 Vocab

Question 1

Differentiation

Answer 1

The process by which behaviors & physical structures become more specialized

Question 2

Failure to Thrive (TTF)

Answer 2

A disorder of impaired growth in infancy & early childhood characterized by failure to gain weight within normal limits

Question 3

Marasmus

Answer 3

A wasted , potentially lethal body condition caused by inadequate nutrition & characterized by painful thinness

Question 4

Canalization

Answer 4

The tendency of growth rates to return to genetically determined patterns after undergoing environmentally induce change

Question 5

Kwashiorkor

Answer 5

A form of protein-energy malnutrition in which the body may break down its own reserves of protein , resulting in enlargement of stomach , swollen feet , & other symptoms

Question 6

Nerves

Answer 6

Bundles of axons from many neurons

Question 7

Neurons

Answer 7

Nerve cells ; cells found in the nervous system that transit messages

Question 8

Dendrites

Answer 8

The rootlike parts of a neuron that receives impulses from other neurons

Question 9

Axon

Answer 9

A long , thin part of a neuron that transmits impulses to other neurons through small branching structures called axon terminals

Question 10

Neurotransmitter

Answer 10

A chemical substance that makes possible the transmission of neural impulses from one neuron to another

Question 11

Myelin sheath

Answer 11

A fatty , white substance that encases & insulates neurons , permitting more rapid transmissions of neural impulses

Question 12

Myelination

Answer 12

The process by which axons are coated w myelin

Question 13

Multiple sclerosis

Answer 13

A disorder in which myelin is replaced by hard , fibrous tissues that impedes neural transmission

Question 14

Medulla

Answer 14

An oblong area of the hindbrain involved in heartbeat & respiration

Question 15

Cerebellum

Answer 15

The part of the hindbrain involved in muscle coordination & balance

Question 16

Cerebrum

Answer 16

The large mass of the forebrain , which consists of two hemispheres

Question 17

Ulnar grasp

Answer 17

A method of grasping objects in which the fingers close somewhat clumsily against the palm

Question 18

Pincer grasp

Answer 18

The use of the opposing thumb to grasp objects between the thumb & other fingers

Question 19

Locomotion

Answer 19

Movement from one place to another

Question 20

Toddler

Answer 20

A child who walks with short , uncertain steps

“Toddlerhood” lasts 12 mo. To 30 mo.

Question 21

Sensation

Answer 21

The stimulation of sensory organs, such as eyes , ears , & skin , and the transmission of sensory info of the brain

Question 22

Perception

Answer 22

The process by which sensations are organized into a mental map of the world

Question 23

Perception constancy

Answer 23

The tendency to perceive objects as the same even though the sensations produced by them may differ when , for example they differ in position or distance

Question 24

Size constancy

Answer 24

The tendency to perceive objects as being the same size wen though the sizes of their images on the retina may differ as a result old distance

Question 25

Shape constancy

Answer 25

The tendency to perceive objects as being the same shape even though the shapes of their images on the retina may differ when the objects are viewed from diff positions

Question 26

Hibituation

Answer 26

A process in which one becomes used to a repeated stimulus & therefore pays less attention to it