Ch 5: Validity and Reliability Flashcards
Alternate forms reliability
Reliability obtained by administering two equivalent tests to the same group of examinees
Concurrent validity
Refers to how precisely a person’s present performance (e.g. a test score) estimates that person’s performance on the criterion measure at approximately the same time
Construct validity
The extent to which a test measures a theoretical construct or attribute
Constructs
Theoretical concepts such as self-esteem and intelligence that can be observed by some type of measurement
Content validity
Refers to whether the individual items of a test represent what you actually want to assess
Convergent validity
A test that has good convergent validity has high positive correlations with other tests measuring the same construct
Criterion-Related validity
A method for assessing the validity of an instrument by comparing its scores with another criterion known already to be a measure of the same trait or skill
Discriminant validity
A test that has good discriminant validity has low correlations with tests that measure different constructs
Interrater reliability
Involves having two raters independently observe and record specified behaviors
Obtained score
The score actually calculated in the assessment process
Predictive validity
The extent to which a procedure allows accurate predictions about a subject’s future behavior. It is a measure of a specific instrument’s ability to predict future performance on some other measure or criterion at a later date
Reliability
Refers to the consistency of measurements
Reliability coefficient
Expresses the degree of consistency in the measurement of test scores
Reliable test scores
A test score that produces similar scores across various conditions and situations, including different evaluators and testing environments
Split-half reliability
Indicates that subjects’ scores on some trials consistently match their scores on other trials
Standard error of measurement (SEM)
The amount of error that exists when using a specific instrument
Target behavior
A specific behavior an observer is looking to record
Test-retest reliability
Suggests that subjects tend to obtain the same score when tested at different times
Validity
The extent to which a test measures what it is supposed to measure
Validity coefficient
Criterion related validity is usually expressed as a correlation between the test in question and the criterion measure. This correlation coefficient is referred to as a validity coefficient
