Ch. 5 Tissues Flashcards
1
Q
Epithelial
A
Protection, secretion, absorption, and excretion
2
Q
Connective
A
Supports soft parts and connects
3
Q
Muscle
A
Contracts when stimulated for movement
4
Q
Nervous
A
Conducts impulses
5
Q
Tissue
A
Groups of cells with similar structure and function
6
Q
Epithelial tissue
A
Covers all body surfaces/organs and line all body cavities
7
Q
Epithelial tissue
A
Lacks blood vessels, reproduces quickly, and tightly compact
8
Q
Basement membrane
A
A thin, non-cellular layer that connects epithelial tissue to underlying connective tissue
9
Q
Simple
A
single layer
10
Q
tratified
A
two or more layers
11
Q
squamous
A
thin, flattened cells
12
Q
Cuboidal
A
cube-shaped cells
13
Q
columnar
A
tall, elongated cells
14
Q
simple squamous
A
located in the air sacs of lungs and capillaries; function is diffusion and filtration
15
Q
simple squamous
A
a single layer of thin, flattened cells with broad, flat nuclei
16
Q
simple cuboidal
A
a single layer of cube-shaped cells with a centrally located, spherical nuclei
17
Q
simple columnar
A
located in the uterus and other digestive organs; function is absorption and secretion
18
Q
simple columnar
A
a single layer of tall, elongated cells with nuclei close to the basement membran
19
Q
Goblet cell
A
a flask-shaped glandular cell that secretes mucus onto the free surface of tissues
20
Q
Microvilli
A
small, cylindrical processes that help increase surface area for absorption
21
Q
pseudostratified columnar
A
located in the respiratory and reproductive systems; function is protection, secretion, and movement of mucus or sex cell
22
Q
pseudostratified columnar
A
appears stratified but is not; has only one nucleus that is located at two or more layers within the cell
23
Q
Stratified squamous
A
outer layer of skin and lines the mouth, throat, vagina, and anal canal; function is protection
24
Q
Stratified squamous
A
many cell layers with newer, healthier cells located near the basement membrane and older, flattened cells towards the surface
25
Keratin
a protein produced in skin cells that causes them to harden and die
26
stratified cuboidal
located in several types of glands; function is protection
27
stratified cuboidal
two or three layers of cuboidal cells surrounding a lumen
28
Lumen
open space (shape) within a tubular structure; usually surrounded by cuboidal cells
29
Stratified columnar
found in the male urethra and ducts of certain glands; function is protection and secretion
30
stratified columnar
consists of a superficial layer of tall, elongated cells and a basal layer of cuboidal cells
31
Transitional
found in the bladder, ureters, and urethra; function is flexibility and protection
32
Transitional
specialized epithelial tissue that changes in response to increased tension; it can stretch or contract
33
Glandular
type of epithelium that produces and secretes substances into ducts or body fluids; located within columnar or cuboidal cells
34
Endocrine
type of ductless gland that secretes its products into tissue fluids or blood
35
Exocrine
type of gland that secretes its products into ducts that open onto internal or external surfaces
36
Merocrine
type of exocrine gland that secretes a watery, protein-rich fluid via exocytosis (i.e. serous fluid or mucus)
37
Apocrine
Type of exocrine gland that secretes small fluid-filled pockets of cytoplasm (i.e. milk or earwax)
38
Holocrine
Type of exocrine gland whose cells lyse entirely during secretion (i.e. oil glands)
39
Connective tissue
the most abundant tissue in the body
40
connective
tissue that stores fat, fills spaces, binds, provides support, and helps repair damages
41
Matrix
intercellular material consisting of fibers and a ground substance
42
ground substance
can be fluid, gel-like, or solid
43
fibroblasts
most common type of connective tissue cell
44
fibroblast
large, star-shaped connective tissue cell; produces fibers by secreting proteins
45
Mast cell
connective tissue cell located near blood vessels; appears large in size and grainy
46
Mast cell
releases heparin and histamines
47
Heparin
anti-clotting enzyme
48
Histamine
enzyme that promotes inflammatory responses
49
Macrophage
specialized connective tissue cell that is specialized to carry out phagocytosis
50
Collagenous fibers
Thick threads grouped into long, parallel bundles; flexible but resist pulling
51
tendons
connect muscles to bone
52
ligaments
connect bone to bone
53
elastic fibers
thin threads made of elastin; stretch easily but retain their original shapes
54
reticular fibers
highly branched and thin collagen fibers; forms delicate supporting networks in tissues
55
Reticular
composed of thin, reticular fibers; provides the framework of certain internal organs (liver and spleen)
56
Areolar
binds skin to underlying organs and fills spaces between muscles; forms delicate, thin membranes throughout the body
57
adipose
fat tissue
58
Adipose
cushions joints and organs, insulates, and stores energy; lies beneath the skin, around the kidneys, behind the eyeballs, and in joints
59
adipocyte
fat cell
60
Dense connective
make up tendons and ligaments, the protective white layer of the eyeball, and deeper skin layers; supports and binds body parts
61
Bone
supports, protects, allows muscle attachment, forms blood, and stores inorganic chemicals; found all over the body
62
Bone
the most rigid of the connective tissues due to mineral salts
63
Lamellae
thin layers of deposited matrix in bone
64
Canaliculi
very small tubes found in the matrix of bone that connect each bone cell ensuring all will receive a blood supply
65
Central (Haversian) canals
tiny, longitudinal tubes in bone that contain blood vessels
66
osteocyte
bone cell
67
lacunae
chamber that houses a bone cell or cartilage cell
68
Osteon
a cylinder-shaped unit of osteocytes and layers of intercellular material clustered concentrically around a central canal
69
chondrocyte
cartilage cell
70
perichondrium
a covering of fibrous connective tissue which contains blood vessels for nutrients by diffusion
71
Cartilage
partly rigid, partly flexible; lacks a direct blood supply so healing and growth are slow; collagenous fibers make it strong
72
Hyaline
the most common type of cartilage
73
Hyaline
cartilage that forms the ends of bones, the soft part of the nose, and the respiratory passageways
74
Elastic
Very flexible cartilage that forms the ears, larynx, and epiglottis
75
Fibrocartilage
acts as a shock absorber between the intervertebral discs, knees, and pelvic girdle
76
Blood
another name for vascular tissue
77
Vascular Tissue (Blood)
Transport substances all over the body, maintains homeostasis, defends, adn clots
78
4 main blood components
RBCs, WBCs, platelets (solids) and plasma (liquid)
79
Muscle
this tissue can contract, so it allows for movement; hoever, if injured, it cannot be replaced
80
3 types of muscle tissue
skeletal, smooth, and cardiac
81
Skeletal muscle
muscles attached to bones; allows for voluntary movement of the head, trunk, and limbs
82
Smooth muscle
Muscle found in the walls of hollow organs and under skin; moves food, constrict blood vessels, and empties the bladder
83
Smooth muscle
cells fo this tissue are spindle-shaped with a centrally located nucleus; helps provide involuntary movement
84
Cardiac muscle
muscle found only in the heart wall and helps to pump blood
85
Cardiac muscle
cells of this tissue are joined end to end but branched, contain a single nucleus, are striated, and cannot reproduce
86
Intercalated disc
specialized intercellular junction between two cardiac muscle cells
87
Nervous
this tissue is found in the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves
88
Nervous
the function of this tissue is to coordinate, regulate, and integrate bodily functions
89
Neuron
a basic nerve cell
90
Neuroglial cells
these cells support and bind nervous tissue components, connect blood vessels to neurons, and carry out phagocytosis
91
adip-
fat
92
chondr-
cartilage
93
epi-
upon
94
macr-
large
95
os-
bone
96
squam-
scale
97
strat-
layer
98
pseud-
false
99
-glia
glue
100
cyt-
cell
101
inter-
between
102
Compact and spongy
two types of bone tissue
103
Compact bone
type of bone tissue that has many osteons cemented together; heavy, solid bone
104
Spongy bone
type of bone tissue that contains trabeculae to form spaces; lightweight bone
105
Epithelial membrane
type of body membrane that covers body surfaces and line body cavities
106
Serous membranes
Type of body membranes that line body cavities that do not open to the outside of the body; secrete watery fluid for lubrication
107
Mucous membranes
type of body membranes that line body cavities that open to the outside of the body; secrete a thick, sticky substance
108
Cutaneous membrane
type of body membrane that is known as the skin
109
synovial membranes
type of body membranes that line the joints and secrete a thick, yellowish-lubricating fluid
110
Skeletal muscle
type of muscle tissue that has multiple nuclei per muscle fiber
