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Mental healthcare > Ch 5 Theories and Therapies > Flashcards

Ch 5 Theories and Therapies Flashcards

1
Q

Theory

A

statement that explains of describes relationship among events ideas or concepts

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2
Q

Model

A

example or pattern that helps explain a theory

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3
Q

Psychoanalytic theories include

A

those by freud

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4
Q

Id

-comes from

A

instincts
governed by pleasure
-early childhood memories

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5
Q

Ego

  • when does it develop
  • helps us to
A 
active awareness
consciousness
-child becomes aware of self
-around age 2
-cope with outside world
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6
Q

Superego is formed by

A 
attitudes
values
role expectations
taboos
rules
ideals
standards
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7
Q

Superego

  • conscience
  • ego ideal
A
  • punishes with guilt and anxiety

- rewards

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8
Q

Freud’s theory of personality development

A

sexual instinct growth in 4 stages

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9
Q

Freud believed humans were motivated by

A

procreation

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10
Q

libidinal energy

A

need to seek sexual pleasure

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11
Q

Psycho-sexual theory

  • founder
  • emotional disturbances from
A
  • Freud
  • instinctual biological drives
  • early childhood
  • unconscious attitudes and memories
  • fixation from earlier psycho-sexual stages
  • defenses to prevent change in person
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12
Q

Defense mechanisms

A

strategies to reduce or avoid negative states

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13
Q

commonly used defense mechanisms

A

denial
projection
fantasy
repression

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14
Q

Therapies for psychoanalytic therapy

A

dream analysis
free association
transference relationship

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15
Q

Dream analysis

A

superego sensors less
Id shows
interpret symbols

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16
Q

Free association

A

first word that comes to mind

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17
Q

transference relationship

A

transfer emotions from person in past to the therapist

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18
Q

Analytic theory was founded by

A

Carl Jung

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19
Q

Analytic theory believes

A

main driver is general life energy

adult personalities can change

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20
Q

3 levels of analytic theory

A
  • conscious ego
  • personal unconscious
  • collective conscious
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21
Q

Archetypes

-what theory

A

stores of experience of all man’s ancestral past

Analytic

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22
Q

Extrovert and introvert were coined by

A

Carl Jung

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23
Q

Analytic theory is focused on

A

balance and wholeness

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24
Q

primary effort in life for analytic theory

A

to gain more awareness

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25
Q

Psyche

A

mental and spiritual

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26
Q

Soma

A

physical body

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27
Q

Individual psychotherapy

  • aka
  • founder
A
  • adlerian psychology

- Alfred Adler

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28
Q

Individual psychotherapy

  • infant
  • child
A
  • stars in position of inferiority

- must learn to master his world

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29
Q

Individual psychotherapy

-position of child in family creates

A

evaluation of self and others

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30
Q

Individual psychotherapy

-goal of life

A

to gain mastery of environment by coping with

  • work
  • belonging
  • social interaction
  • interaction with other genders
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31
Q

how self relates to individual psychotherapy

A

must define self

find meaning in life

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32
Q

Behavior in individual psychotherapy

A

meaningful only within social setting

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33
Q

to understand a person in individual psychotherapy

A

must see and hear for self

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34
Q

Mentally ill in individual psychotherapy

A

not mentally ill only discouraged

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35
Q

individual psychotherapy encourages client to

A

take responsibility to direct life in positive way

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36
Q

Basic anxiety

  • founder
  • child isolation
A
  • Karen Horney
  • not inherited
  • result of social and cultural upbringing
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37
Q

Erich Fromm believed loneliness is

A

motivation for social interaction

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38
Q

Who developed idea of character/Personality types

A

Erich Fromm

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39
Q

interpersonal Psychology

  • founder
  • emphasises
A
  • Harry Stack Sullivan

- Social nature of people

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40
Q

Interpersonal psychology

-identified what as having a critical role in personality development

A

anxiety

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41
Q

Interpersonal psychology

  • personality
  • Mental health problems
  • -called
A
  • pattern of interpersonal relationships
  • result of distorted image of relationships
  • -personification
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42
Q

Interpersonal psychology

-anxiety

A

vague feeling of uneasiness as a result of stress

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43
Q

Interpersonal development

A

six stages from infancy to adolescence

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44
Q

Cognitive development

  • founder
  • personality is result of
A
  • Jean Piaget

- cognitive and emotional functions

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45
Q

developmental psycho-social task in cognitive development and when do they occur

A

Sensorimotor- birth to 2 yo
Preoperational- 2 to 7 yo
concrete operational- 8 to 11 yo
formal operational- 12 to 15 yo

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46
Q

sensorimotor stage

A

permanence
coordinated movements
goal directed behavior
imitation

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47
Q

Preoperational stage

A

symbolic mental ability

  • thinking limited
  • centered on self
  • language as tool
  • routine
  • see only one part of situation
  • only one dimension of object
  • justifies behavior at all cost
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48
Q

Concrete operational stage

A

logical objective thinking

  • understands math
  • able to reflect and discover relationships in enviorment
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49
Q

formal operational stage

A

thinking abstractly

  • consider all possibilities
  • probability and proportions understood
  • problem solving for conflicts
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50
Q

what is the foundation of behavioral theory

A

all behavior is learned

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51
Q

behavior in behavioral theory is result of

A

past learning
current motivation
biological differences

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52
Q

Objective psychology

  • founder
  • what is it
A
  • B.F Skinner

- only observable behavior in current situations can be analyzed

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53
Q

B.F Skinner theories include

A
  • operant conditioning
  • positive and negative reinforcement
  • shaping
  • programmed learning
  • all organisms more to pleasure and away from pain
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54
Q

shaping

A

overall approach to changing observable behavior

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55
Q

programmed learning

A

new knowledge is broken into smaller bits and presented at the learner’s pace

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56
Q

Joseph Wolpe believed

A

neuroses and anxiety are conditioned responses

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57
Q

Stimulus-response theory

  • founder
  • what is it
A
  • Dollard and Miller

- reward forms new behavioral responses

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58
Q

today emotional problems are believed to come from

A
  • poor learning
  • conditioning
  • dysfunctional self-thinking
  • lack of skills
  • avoiding anxious situations
  • misconceptions about reality
59
Q

what is the focus of behavioral psychology today

A
  • understanding current behavior

- past is only important in how it effects present

60
Q

Behavioral modification therapy

A

replace unacceptable with acceptable behavior

61
Q

Assertiveness training

A

teaches to express self in constructive, non-aggressive ways

62
Q

Humanistic theory

  • focus on
  • view on human
A
  • Total individual

- innately good, holistic and multidimensional

63
Q

Gestalt means

A

whole

64
Q

Gestalt theory emphasizes

-founder

A 
present
freedom
responsibility
attempts to become actualized
-Fredrick Perls
65
Q

Maslow

  • view on humans
  • illness comes from
A
  • innately good and have potential for self-fulfillment

- unmet needs

66
Q

Characteristics of self actualized people

A
  • comfort with reality
  • express self spontaneously
  • independent and self directed
  • emotional depth
  • high social interest
  • express creativity
  • democratic values
  • accepts self and others
  • can solve problems
  • need privacy and detachment
  • intensify with humanity
  • appreciate life
  • gentle sense of humor
67
Q

Maslow’s hierarchy of needs

A
  • physiological
  • safety and security
  • love and belonging
  • esteem needs
  • self actualization
68
Q

Client centered therapy

  • founder
  • client role
  • focus on
A
  • Carl Rodgers
  • directs therapeutic relationship
  • self actualization, positive, permission to accept self
69
Q

Actualizing Therapy

  • founder
  • goal
A
  • Everett Shostrom

- self actualization, learning to trust inner self

70
Q

Logotherapy

  • founder
  • purpose
A
  • Viktor Frankl

- search for meaning and value in life

71
Q

System theories

-founder

A

Set of related units that humans function with in

-Royce and Powell

72
Q

Open system

A

boundries are passable

organisms grow and flourish

73
Q

Closed system

A

rigid, impassible boundaries

organisms die

74
Q

Field theory

  • founder
  • behavior
  • focus
  • rejects
A
  • Kurt Lecuin
  • must be considered within total situation
  • only on immediate
  • notions of past future or cause and effect
75
Q

equilibrium

-what theory is it part of

A

each system tries to maintain balance or steady state

-field theory

76
Q

Life space

  • includes
  • see behavior as
  • what theory is it part of
A

psychological field or space in which we move

  • self, other people and objects
  • function
  • field theory
77
Q

Psychological tension

-part of what theory

A

results from interaction of opposite systems

-field theory

78
Q

Maxwell Malts

-beliefs

A
  • behavior originates from within

- ppl are open systems with input, output and regulating feedback mechanisms

79
Q

Positive thinking

-who made it

A

works by programming ones behavior to achieve desired self image
-Maxwell Malts

80
Q

Cognition includes

A
  • attention
  • language
  • imagery
  • memory
  • perception
  • problem solving
81
Q

rational psychotherapy

  • founder
  • mental illness
A

change ideas through reason and logic

  • Paul DuBois
  • comes from incorrect ideas
82
Q

Social learning

  • founder
  • focus
  • relationship between
A
  • Albert Bandura
  • learning through symbols, imitation, self regulation
  • cognition and behavior
83
Q

Social learning thinks you learn by

A
  • observing outcomes
  • -expectations and emotions
  • -comparing self to others
  • -making judgement based on expectations and emotions
84
Q

Social learning

-what determines behavior

A

-decistions

85
Q

Goal of social learning

A

replace dysfunctional beliefs and thoughts by changing view point

86
Q

Rational-emotive-behavioral therapy

  • founder
  • based on
  • what determines behavior
  • what theory is it part of
A
  • Alfred Ellis
  • irrational beliefs and unrealistic expectations for self
  • the value placed on an event
  • restructuring
87
Q

goals of rational-emotive-behavioral therapy

A
  • insight on irrational beliefs causing the behavior
  • stop actively reinforcing disturbed behavior
  • monitor effects of thought
  • adopt more appropriate outlook by practicing more effective thoughts
88
Q

Cognitive therapy

  • founder
  • part of what theory
  • goals
A
  • Aaron Beck
  • restructuring
  • recognize your self defeating tendencies
  • replace them with adaptive thinking
89
Q

self instructional training

  • founder
  • part of what theory
  • undesirable behavior
A
  • Donald Meichenbaum
  • restructuring
  • faulty instruction given in childhood
90
Q

Self instructional training

-therapy

A

using imagery, modeling and anxiety control to create new self talk patterns

91
Q

Cognitive remediation therapy

  • part of what theory
  • used for
  • develops
A
  • restructuring
  • brain injured children
  • concentration, organization and confidence
92
Q

Covert modeling

-founder

A

coping skill
act of rehearsing different performances or event before doing it
-Joseph Cautela

93
Q

Coping skills training

A

anxiety is introduced and you are trained to relax the images away

94
Q

skills taught for coping skills

A
  • anxiety management
  • assertiveness
  • progressive relaxation
  • techniques to reduce physical response to stress
95
Q

Problem solving

A

teaches to resolve problems in more constructive and satisfying ways

96
Q

reality therapy

-founder

A

people are born with certain basic needs

-William Glasser

97
Q

Reality therapy

-needs

A
  • to be loved and belong

- to gain self worth, respect and recognition

98
Q

reality therapy

-mental illness

A

rooted in failures in social areas of functioning

-ill people are irresponsible

99
Q

right behavior in reality therapy

A

based on 3 Rs

  • realistic
  • responsible
  • right

values, ethics and morals

100
Q

reality therapy

  • used for
  • uses
A
  • chemical dependency and educators

- contracts

101
Q

Sociocultural theory

  • founder
  • social setting is
A
  • George Mead

- exremely important in development of ones self concept

102
Q

Mental illness as myth

  • founder
  • part of what theory
  • deviant behavior
  • mental illness
A
  • Thomas Szasz
  • sociocultural
  • is culturally defined
  • isn’t actually illness but, a socially defined condition
103
Q

Peoples place in mental illness as myth theory

A
  • are responsible for their behavior

- take part in their own labeling by allowing it to occur

104
Q

Clients in mentall illness as myth theory

A
  • choose therapist and treatment
  • define problems they want to solve
  • work with therapist to change
105
Q

Biobehavioral therapy

  • illness
  • considered effective if
A

follow medical models

  • abnormalities in structure, function and chemistry
  • cause is eliminated
106
Q

Homeostasis

  • founder
  • emotion
A
  • Walter Cannon

- reaction that causes body to use its rescources

107
Q

Emergency syndrome

-part of what

A

total body response, fight or flight and fright
happens when person is being challenged or threatened
-homeostasis

108
Q

homeostasis theory is applied to

A
  • individuals
  • family systems
  • holistic health
  • world ecology
109
Q

Stress adaptation

  • founder
  • physical problems
  • stressor
A
  • Hans Selye
  • related to inability to control stress
  • nonspecific response of body to any demand placed on it
110
Q

General adaptation syndrome

-part of what theory

A

body’s physical response to stress
process by which people adapt
-stress adaptation

111
Q

stages of general adaptation syndrome

A

1) alert
2) resistance
3) exhaustion

112
Q

Alert in general adaptation

  • what happens
  • what if body can’t resolve stress
A
  • body releases hormones to prepare for fight of flight

- body keeps functioning at high metabolic rate and goes to next stage

113
Q

Resistance in general adaptation

-what happens

A
  • all coping mechanisms and defenses mobilized
  • problem solving difficult
  • more susceptible to other stressors
114
Q

Exhaustion in general adaptation

  • why does it happen
  • what does it cause
A
  • stressors overwhelming or long lasting
  • resources depleted
  • body processes break down
  • glands can’t keep up
  • thinking distorted and illogical
  • problem solving and communication ineffective
115
Q

Psychobiology

A

study of the biochemical foundations of thought, mood, emotion and behavior

116
Q

Mental illness in psychobiology is caused by

A
  • genetics
  • neurotransmitter activity
  • viruses
  • fetal development
  • immune system dysfunction
117
Q

Neuropsychology

-what theory

A

study and treatment of behaviors related to brain function

-psychobiology

118
Q

Cognitive psychophysiology

  • blends
  • studies
  • theory
A
  • psychology and physiology
  • mental processes by monitoring body systems and neurobehavioral toxicology
  • psychobiology
119
Q

neurobehavioral toxicology

-behavioral changes resulting from

A

exposure to toxins

120
Q

psychoneuroimmuniology

  • founder
  • theory
  • study of
A
  • Robert Ader
  • psychobiology
  • interactions between CNS, immune system and aspects of personality
121
Q

Jonas Stalk in created what for psychoneuroimmunology

A

model of disease encompassing genetics, neurologic, immune and behavioral systems

122
Q

Psychoneuroimmunology

  • anxiety and depression
  • brain’s effects
A
  • cause immune function to lower

- brain’s pain relieving mechanisms ban be activated by body

123
Q

Neurotransmitters

-what do they do

A

chemical messenger system of body

-provide pathways for emotional reactions

124
Q

Neuropeptides

-connect to

A

transmitters composed of amino acid strings

-endocrine, immune and nervous systems

125
Q

Immune response

  • impacted by
  • relaxation exercises
  • positive emotional states
A
  • emotions, stress, and attitudes
  • increase antibody production
  • increase immune components in saliva
126
Q

psychotherapies

A

treating of mental and emotional disorders by psychological means

127
Q

Client-centered therapies

  • beliefs
  • what type of therapy is it
  • therapist role
A

everyone has the resources for constructive change within

  • individual
  • express empathy and mobilize client’s inner resources through relationship
128
Q

Cognitive therapy

  • what does it do
  • focused on
  • what type of therapy is it
A
  • identify and correct distorted thinking and disfuctional belief
  • solving problem within time limit
  • individual
129
Q

brief term therapy

  • how long does it last
  • what is it used for
A
  • 6 to 12 sessions

- depression, stress and marriage/ family problems

130
Q

Behavioral therapy

  • tailored to
  • used to
  • behavior modification is used for
A
  • person’s needs, behavior and environment
  • define positive behaviors and reinforcing changes
  • developmentally disabled and severely mentally ill
131
Q

Central task group therapy

  • used to
  • what does it do
A
  • relieve emotional discomfort and human misery

- cause psychological and behavioral changes

132
Q

Group therapy

  • limits
  • goal
A
  • membership limited by therapist

- to cure patients of problems

133
Q

Self-help groups

  • members
  • example
A
  • share common problem, symptoms or life situations
  • alcoholics anonymous
  • reach for recovery (for post mastectomy women)
134
Q

T-groups

  • what theory does it come from
  • what does it do
  • what do encounter groups do
A
  • systems theory
  • basic skills training
  • professional trainers encourage intense group interactions
135
Q

Consciousness-raising groups

  • what do interactions do
  • what do members do
A
  • work as vehicle for behavioral changes

- provide support to try out new behaviors

136
Q

Somatic therapies

A

those that effect the body

137
Q

Brain stimulation

  • what is it
  • what therapy is it part of
A
  • activating or touching the brain directly with electricity, magnets or implants
  • somatic therapies
138
Q

how does electroconvulsive therapy work

  • what is it used for
  • what else is needed for it
A

by inducing seizures

  • severe long lasting depression
  • general anesthesia
139
Q

Vague nerve stimulation

  • how does it work
  • what is it used for
A
  • device implanted under the skin gives pulses to the vagus nerve
  • seizures and mood regulation
140
Q

Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation

  • how does it work
  • what does it treat
A
  • magnets stimulate the brain

- unresponsive major depression and psychosis

141
Q

magnetic seizure therapy

  • how does it work
  • what else needs to be given
  • what are the benefits
  • what does it treat
A
  • magnetic pulses induce seizures
  • anesthetics and muscle relaxants
  • fewer memory side effects than ECT
  • treatment resistant depression
142
Q

Deep brain stimulation

  • how does it work
  • what does it treat
  • is it valid
A
  • brain surgery is used to implant electrodes with a generator implanted in the chest, it continually stimulates the brain
  • OCD and depression
  • experimental
143
Q

Creative aggression therapy

A

redirection of aggression and learning to fight fair

144
Q

Movement therapy

A

bringing the body in tune with itself to restore balance

Mental healthcare (4 decks)

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