Ch 5 - Social Influences on Exercise Flashcards
social support
the perceived comfort, caring, assistance, and information that a person receives from others
instrumental support
involves providing tangible, practical assistance that will help a person achieve exercise goals
ex: weightlifter at gym, driving ones father to his cardiac rehab exercise class, take care of baby while one exercises
emotional support
occurs through the expression of encouragement, caring, empathy, and concern toward a person
this type of support enhances self-esteem, reduces anxiety and gives person comfort
informational support
includes giving directions, advice, or suggestions about how to exercise and providing feedback regarding the exerciser’s progress
ex: physician, teacher, coach
companionship support
reflects the availability of people with whom one can exercise, such as a friend, family member or exercise group
validation support
involves comparing oneself with others in order to gauge progress and to confirm (or validate) that one’s thoughts, feelings, problems, and experiences are “normal”.
ex: if they can do it, so can i
who needs more emotional support? m or w
women.
out of 1,000 scottish uni students
meta analysis
a type of quantitative review
ex: 87 studies - through studies found 4 categories
- family
- important others,
- fitness instructors
- other exercise participants
effect size
an estimate of a magnitude of an effect
ex: of social influence on exercise behavior, intentions to exercise, exercise attitudes and satisfaction, and self-efficacy
behavioral reactance
the phenomenon whereby people respond in a direction opposite to the direction being advocated
social control
meaures and actions taken by a group to enforce compliance with traditions, perception, or rules
transformational leadership
is a leadership style that cultivates positive changes in the thoughts, feelings, and behaviors of those who are being led
transformational leadership behaviours (4)
- idealized influence - engendering the trust and respect of others and acting as a role model
- inspirational motivation - showing enthusiasm and optimism about what others can accomplish and articulating a compelling vision of the future
- intellectual stimulation - engaging the rationality of others and causing them to look at old problems in new ways
- individualized consideration - demonstrating care and concern for others physical and psychological needs
group cohesion
a dynamic process reflected in the tendency of a group to stick together and remain united in the pursuit of its instrumental objectives and/or for the satisfaction of member affective needs
PAGEQ
Physical activity group environment questionnaire
is a primary measure of exercise group cohesion used by researchers today
conceptual model of group cohesion
- attraction to the group-task (atg-t)
- attractions to the group-social (atg-s)
- group integration-task (gi-t)
- group integration-social (gi-s)
how can feelings of cohesion be increased in exercise classes? (5)
- develop feelings of distinctiveness among group members
- assign group roles and/or positions
- establish group norms
- provide opportunities to make sacrifices for the group
- provide opportunities for interaction
What are the benefits of the team-building intervention?
more people adhere to exercise programs than people that work out on their own.
how does cohesion foster adherence?
not known
greater social support in groups
social facilitation
the phenomenon in which people increase their effort and performance when others are watching them
