CH 5: Sex, Gender, and Sexuality Flashcards
(1) Gender Development (2) Human Sexuality (45 cards)
What are the three areas of gender differences between the average male and female?
- Aggression
- Social Power
- Social Connectedness
Aggression
Any physical or verbal behavior intended to harm someone physically or emotionally.
Relational Aggression
An act of aggression (physical or verbal) intended to harm a person’s relationship or social standing.
In what two ways does biology influence gender?
1) Genetically - males and females have different sex chromosomes.
2) Physiologically - males and females have different concentrations of sex hormones, which trigger other anatomical differences.
The sex chromosome found in both men and women.
X-Chromosome:
Females have two X Chromosomes; males have one. An X Chromosome from each parent produces a female child.
The sex chromosome found only in males.
Y-Chromosome:
When paired with an X-Chromosome from the mother, it produces a male child.
Testosterone
The most important of the male sex hormones.
Both males and females have it, but the additional testosterone in males stimulates the growth of the male sex organs during the fetal period, and the development of the male sex characteristics during puberty.
Puberty
The period of sexual maturation, during which a person becomes capable of reproducing.
Primary Sex Characteristics
The body structures (ovaries, testes, and external genitalia) that make sexual reproduction possible.
Secondary Sex Characteristics
Nonreproductive sexual traits, such as female breasts and hips, male voice quality, and body hair.
Spermarche
Puberty’s landmark for boys; First ejaculation.
Menarche
Puberty’s landmark for women; First menstrual period.
Fill in the Blank:
Prenatal sexual development begins about _____ weeks after conception. Adolescence is marked by the onset of _____.
Seven; Puberty
Define:
Disorders of Sexual Development.
A condition present at birth that involves unusual development of sex chromosomes and anatomy.
Gender Role
A set of expected behaviors, attitudes, and traits for males or for females.
Gender Identity
Our sense of being male, female, or some combination of the two.
Role
A set of expectations (norms) about a social position, defining how those in the position ought to behave.
Social Learning Theory
The theory that we learn social behavior by observing and imitating and by being rewarded or punished.
Gender Typing
The acquisition of a traditional masculine or feminine role.
Androgyny
Displaying both traditional masculine and feminine psychological characteristics.
Transgender
An umbrella term describing people whose gender identity or expression differs from that associated with their birth sex.
Sexual Orientation
The direction of one’s sexual orientation.
What are gender roles, and what do their variations tell us about our human capacity for learning and adapting?
Gender roles are social rules or norms for accepted and expected behavior for females and males. The norms associated with various roles, including gender roles, vary widely in different cultural contexts, which is proof that we are capable of learning and adapting to the social demands of different environments.
Asexual
Having no sexual attraction to others.
