Ch 5: Sensation and Perception Flashcards
Anatomical Code
Different sensations simulate different nerve pathways and travel to different parts of the brain; related to Doctrine of Specific Nerve Energies
Functional Coding
Which, how many, and what rate of cell are firing; pattern of each cell firing creates a code
Absolute Threshold
Minimum amount of stimuli required to be reliably detected 50% of the time
Difference Threshold
Smallest difference between two stimuli that a subject can detect
Signal Detection Theory: Hit
Stimuli is present and perceived
Signal Detection Theory: Miss
Stimuli is present and unperceived
Signal Detection Theory: False Alarm
Stimuli is not present but still perceived
Signal Detection Theory: Correct Rejection
Stimuli is not present and not perceived
Selective Attention
Focusing on specific aspects, while ignoring others
Inattention Blindness
Failure to consciously perceive something by not paying attention to it
Sclera
White part of the eye
Cornea
Clear covering of the eye
Pupil
Regulates amount of light let into eye
Iris
Round muscle that adjusts the size of the pupil
Lens
Clear structure that focuses light onto back of the eye; flips the image, brain flips it back
Retina
Neural tissue lining the back of the eyeball’s interior that contains the receptors for vision; also called the fovea
Cones
Concentrated on retina to produce high detail, colour vision
Rods
Located on outer area (can be seen in the middle) of retina, provide peripheral vision and adjusted to low-light conditions; can’t see colour well
Bipolar Neurons
Synapse onto photoreceptors; cones and rods lead to it
Ganglion Cells
Transmit signals from Bipolar Neurons to brain
Optic Disk
Area on retina lacking rods and cones; cause of our blind-spot
Optic Nerve
Axon tracts leading form Ganglion Cells to brain
Trichromatic Theory
Colour vision is determined by red, blue, and green cones; Also known as Young-Helmholtz Theory
Opponent-Process Theory
Perceive colour in terms of opposite ends of the spectrum (red to green) through opponent-process cells; cells firing when removing a colour, but it also fires when seeing the other colour
Gestalt’s Principles
Figure, Ground, Proximity, Similarity, Continuity, Closure
Dorsal Stream
“Where/how” stream, extends from visual cortex to parietal lobe, lets you interact with objects and track depth and motion perception