ch 5 sampling methods

Question 1

what is a population

Answer 1

the whole grou thats of interest to the researcher

Question 2

what are the 2 kinds of sampling

Answer 2

probability and onprobability

Question 3

what are the kinds of probability samling

Answer 3

simple random samping
, systematic sampling,
stratified,
cluster.

Question 4

what is probability sampling

Answer 4

• Techniques in which the probability of selecting each subject is known

Question 5

imple random sampling

what does it require

Answer 5

Probability sampling in which every subject in a population has the same chance of being selected.

 Requires the researcher to have access to every member fo the pop. If its just restricted to all men in a hospital you can randomly select x number of men.

Question 6

is simple random sampling often feasibl

Answer 6

not often no

Question 7

what is systematic sampling and how would you do it

Answer 7

Probability sampling involving the selection of subjects according to a standardized rule.

 One way of doing this is to number the whole pop again and pick a random starting point and select every nth person

Question 8

what is stratified sampling

Answer 8

Probability sampling that divides the population into subsamples according to a characteristic of interest and then randomly selects the sample from these subgroups.

Question 9

what is cluster sampling

Answer 9

uses a group or unit rather than an individual. Used when it is difficult to find a list of the entire pop

Question 10

you want to do cluster sampling to find mean age of female nurses in new york but you cant randomly select sample from all hospitals in NY and then find out the age of all the nurses at those hospitals.

what else can do you for cluster sampling to solve this

Answer 10

 can do two staged clustering by intead of taking age of nurse from cluster hospitals, you randomly sample a group of nurses at each hospital so you randomly select your clusters and then randomly select your final sample

Question 11

what is the drawback of using two staged cluster sampling compared to regular cluster sampling

Answer 11

altho less expensive it has greater variance

Question 12

what is a sampling error

Answer 12

Differences between the sample and the population that occur due to randomization or chance.

Question 13

t or f anytime you have a random sample there will be sampling error

Answer 13

true

• no matter what sample always have sampling error (differences between the sample and the pop that occur due to chance)

Question 14

what is sampling bias

Answer 14

systematic eror made in the sample selection that results in a nonrandom sample (different from error)

Question 15

what does your samling distribution consist of

Answer 15

: All the possible values of a statistic from all the possible samples of a given population.

Question 16

what does your samling distribution consist of

Answer 16

: All the possible values of a statistic from all the possible samples of a given population.

Question 17

what is the easiest distribution to analyze using statistical methods

Answer 17

normal distrib

Question 18

what is generally seen as the minimum size before your sample means are generally normally distributed

Answer 18

at least greater than 30 and sme say 50

Question 19

what is nonprobability samplin

is it just for quantitiave

Answer 19

• Involves methods in which subjects do not have the same chance of being selected for participation.

can be for Qnt or Ql

Question 20

is non or probability sampling more practical?

which one is not randomized

Answer 20

nonprobability

Question 21

what are the types of nonprbability sampling used for quantitative

what about qualitative forms of this

Answer 21

• Types: convenience and quota

network sampling and purposive sampling

Question 22

what is the most popular form of nonprobability sampling

Answer 22

convenience

Question 23

convenience sampking

Answer 23

• A form of nonprobability sampling that consists of collecting data from the group that is available.
• Most popular form of nonprob
• Colleting data from the available group
• Ie. go to oncology unit and ask all the nurses working that shift their age

Question 24

pro and con of convenience sampling

Answer 24

• Quick and inexpensive but may not represent the pop and therefore limits the inference you can make

Question 25

quota sampling

Answer 25

• A form of nonprobability sampling done when you select the proportions of the sample for different subgroups, much the same as in stratified sampling but without random selection.
• You select the proportion’s of the sample for different subtypes
• Ie. selecting nurses from a pop and selecting a group of night nurses and day nruses because you know 50% of pop works in the day 30% evening and 20% night. So you get your samples from each group and then move on to get your quota for the next group.

Question 26

what is quota sampling similar to

Answer 26

• Similar to stratified random but it is NOT randomized.

Question 27

what i network sampling and what kind of research is it used in

Answer 27

o Many other nonprob sampling methods are freq used in qualitative
o Network sampling for ex (asking friends/family)

Question 28

when is network sampling used

Answer 28

when you need info about grou[s that hesitate to paticipate in research like youth gangs

Question 29

what is purposive sampling

Answer 29

o Purposive- asking specifically ppl cause they have more info

Question 30

what are exclusion criteria

Answer 30

• Exclusion criteria: The list of characteristics that would eliminate a subject from being eligible to participate in a study.

Question 31

what are inclusion criteria

Answer 31

• Inclusion criteria: The list of characteristics a subject must have to be eligible to participate in a study.

Question 32

___ is when you are collecting samples and some difference between sample and population always occur due to randomization or change

Answer 32

sampling error

Question 33

when you have a systematic error in sample collection that makes it nonrandom what is it called

Answer 33

sampling bias