Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

BIO 307 > Ch. 5 Quiz > Flashcards

Ch. 5 Quiz Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

4 Tissue Categories

A
  1. Epithelial
  2. Connective
  3. Nervous
  4. Muscular
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Structure with discrete boundaries that is composed of two or more tissue types

A

Organ

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

The study of tissues and how they are arranged into organs

A

Histology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

A group of similar cells and cell products working together to perform a specific role in an organ

A

Tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How do tissue types differ?

A
  1. Types and functions of their cells
  2. Characteristics of the matrix (extracellular material)
  3. Relative amount of space occupied by cells vs matrix
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the matrix (extracellular material) composed of?

A
  • Fibrous proteins
  • Ground substance ( aka tissue fluid, extracellular fluid, interstitial fluid )
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Tissue is sliced into thin sections one or two cells thick

A

Histological sections

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Tissue is mounted on slides and artificially colored with histological stain

A

Stains

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Histological section that cuts tissue on its long axis ( vertical )

A

Longitudinal section

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Histological section that cuts tissue perpendicular to long axis of organ (horizontal)

A

Cross-section or transverse section

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Histological section that cuts tissue at an angle ( diagonal )

A

Oblique section

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Tissue is rubbed across a slide; ex: blood

A

Smear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Some membranes and cobwebby tissues are laid out on a slide; ex: areolar tissue

A

Spread

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q
  • Sheets of closely adhering cells, one or more cells thick
  • Covers body surfaces and lines body cavities
  • Avascular (does not have blood vessels)
A

Epithelia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the functions of epithelial tissue?

A
  • Protect deeper tissue from injury and infections
  • Produce and release chemical secretions (oil, sweat)
  • Excrete wastes
  • Absorb chemical including nutrients
  • Selectively filter substances
  • Sensation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Does epithelial tissue have a high or low rate of mitosis?

A

High; it undergoes cell division very quickly, cells are replaced constantly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Layer between an epithelium and underlying connective tissues
- Anchor / attachment point

A

Basement Membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Surface of epithelial cell facing the basement membrane

A

Basal surface

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Surface of epithelial cell that faces away from the basement membrane

A

Apical surface

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

A single layer of cells that’s in direct contact with the basement membrane

A

Simple epithelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Multiple layers of cells, with the deepest layer anchored to the basement membrane

A

Stratified epithelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are the 4 types of epithelia with only one layer of cells?

A
  1. Simple squamous (tiny, scaly cells)
  2. Simple cuboidal (square or round cells)
  3. Simple columnar (tall, narrow cells)
  4. Pseudostratified columnar
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q
  • Single row of thin cells
  • Permits rapid diffusion or transport of substances
  • Absorbs things very quickly
  • Absorption and secretion
A

Simple squamous epithelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Where are simple squamous epithelium found?

A

Alveoli, glomeruli, endothelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q
  • Single layer of square or round cells
  • Absorption and secretion
A

Simple cuboidal epithelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Where are simple cuboidal epithelium found?

A

Liver, thyroid, mammary and salivary glands, bronchioles and kidney tubules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q
  • Single row of tall, narrow cells
  • Oval nuclei in basal half of cell
  • Brush border (cilia) of microvilli
  • Absorption and secretion; secretion of mucus
A

Simple columnar epithelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Where are simple columnar epithelium found?

A

Lining of GI tract, uterus, kidney, uterine tubes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

How are stratified epithelia named?

A

Based of the shapes of their apical surface cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q
  • Range from 2-20 or more layers of cells
  • Some cells rest directly on others
  • Only deepest layer attaches to basement membrane
A

Stratified epithelia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

How are cells replaced in stratified squamous epithelia?

A

Deepest layer undergo continuous mitosis. Cells are being replaced at the basement, and then are moved up

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What is the most widespread epithelium in the body?

A

Stratified squamous

33
Q

Two types of stratified squamous epithelium

A

Keratinized and non-keratinized

34
Q
  • Found on skin surface
  • Abrasion resistant
  • Multiple cell layers
  • Cells become flat and scaly toward surface
A

Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

35
Q

Functions of keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

A
  • Resists abrasion
  • Hinders water loss through skin
  • Resists penetration by pathogenic organisms
36
Q

Where are keratinized stratified squamous epithelium found?

A

Epidermis (palms and soles are heavily keratinizied)

37
Q
  • Lacks surface layer of dead cells
  • All cells are living
  • Resists abrasion and penetration of pathogens
A

Non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

38
Q

Where are non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium found?

A

Tongue, oral mucosa, esophagus, vagina

39
Q
  • Two or more cell layers
  • Surface cells square or round
A

Stratified cuboidal epithelium

40
Q

What are the functions or stratified cuboidal epithelium?

A

Secretes sweat, produces sperm, produces ovarian hormones

41
Q

Where are stratified cuboidal epithelium found?

A

Sweat gland ducts and ovarian follicles

42
Q

A diverse, abundant type of tissue in which cells occupy less space than matrix
- Most cells are not in direct contact with each other

A

Connective tissue

43
Q

Does cartilage have high blood flow?

A

No; cartilage has few or no blood vessels

44
Q

Why do cartilage piercings take longer to heal and have a higher risk for infection?

A

A lack of blood flow

45
Q

Functions of connective tissue

A
  • Connecting organs - Support
  • Physical protection - Immune protection
  • Movement - Storage
  • Heat production - Transport
46
Q

Produce fibers and ground substance of matrix

A

Fibroblasts

47
Q

Phagocytosis and activate immune system when they sense foreign matter (antigens)

A

Macrophages

48
Q

White blood cells

A

Leukocytes

  • Neutrophils attack bacteria
  • Lymphocytes target bacteria, toxins, and other foreign agents
49
Q

Antibodies in fibrous connective tissue

A

Plasma proteins

50
Q

Found alongside blood vessels in fibrous connective tissue

A

Mast cells

51
Q

Functions of mast cells

A
  • Secrete heparin to inhibit clotting
  • Secrete histamine to dilate blood vessels
52
Q

Store triglycerides (fat molecules) in fibrous connective tissue

A

Adipocytes

53
Q

What 3 fibers is fibrous connective tissue made out of?

A
  1. Collagenous fibers
  2. Reticular fibers
  3. Elastic fibers
54
Q
  • Most abundant of the body’s proteins
  • Tough, flexible and stretch-resistant
  • Less visible in matrix of cartilage and bone
A

Collagenous fibers

55
Q

Tendons, ligaments, and deep layer of the skin are mostly ________.

A

Collagen

56
Q

Thin collagen fibers that form framework of spleen and lymph nodes

A

Reticular fibers

57
Q
  • Thin fibers that branch and rejoin each other
  • Made of elastin which allows for stretch and recoil
A

Elastic fibers

58
Q

2 types of loose connective tissue

A
  1. Areolar
  2. Reticular
59
Q

Loose vs Dense connective tissue

A

Loose has gel-like ground substance between cells.
Dense has fibers between cells.

60
Q
  • Loosely organized fibers, abundant blood vessels, and a lot of seemingly empty space
  • Fibers run in random directions
A

Areolar tissue

61
Q

Where is areolar tissue found?

A

It surrounds blood vessels and nerves. It is found in tissue sections from almost every part of the body.

62
Q

Densely packed, parallel collagen fibers

A

Dense regular connective tissue

63
Q

_______ attach muscles to bones and ________ hold bones together

A

Tendons; ligaments

64
Q

Densely packed, randomly arranged collagen fibers and few visible cells

A

Dense irregular connective tissue

65
Q

Function of dense irregular connective tissue

A

To withstand unpredictable stresses

66
Q

Location of sense irregular connective tissue

A

Deeper layer of skin; capsules around organs

67
Q

What is the dominant cell type in adipose tissue?

A

Adipocytes

68
Q

Adipose tissue structure

A

Space between adipocytes is occupied by areolar tissue, reticular tissue, and blood capillaries

69
Q

What is the body’s primary energy reservoir?

A

Adipose tissue (fat)

70
Q

Stiff connective tissue with flexible matrix that gives shape to ear, tip of nose, and larynx

A

Cartilage

71
Q

Cartilage cells that produce the matrix that will trap them

A

Chondroblasts

72
Q

Cartilage cells that are trapped in lacunae (cavities)

A

Chondrocytes

73
Q

Sheath of dense irregular connective tissue that surrounds elastic and most of hyaline cartilage (protective sheath)
- Contains a reserve population of chondroblasts that contribute to cartilage growth throughout life

A

Perichondrium

74
Q

Types of cartilage

A
  1. Hyaline cartilage
  2. Fibrocartilage
  3. Elastic cartilage
75
Q

Cartilage with clear, glassy appearance because of fineness of collagen fibers

A

Hyaline cartilage

76
Q

Functions of hyaline cartilage

A

Eases joint movement, holds airway open, moves vocal cords, growth of juvenile long bones

77
Q

Cartilage containing large, coarse bundles of collagen fibers

A

Fibrocartilage

78
Q

Functions of fibrocartilage

A

Resists compression and absorbs shock

BIO 307 (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions