CH 5: Pathology Flashcards
anorexia
lack of appetite
ascites
abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdomen
borborygmous *
rumbling or gurgling noise produced by the movement of gas, fluid, or both in the GI tract
constipation
difficulty in passing stool (feces)
diarrhea
frequent passage of loose, water stools
dysphagia
difficulty in swallowing
eructation
gas expelled from the stomach through the mouth
flatus
gas expelled through the anus
hematochezia (BRBPR)
passage of fresh, bright red blood from the rectum
jaundice (icterus)
yellow- orange coloration of the skin and whites of the eyes caused by high levels or bilirubin in the blood (hyperbilirubinemia)
melena
black, tarry stools; feces containing digested blood
nausea
unpleasant sensation in the stomach associated with a tendency to vomit
statorrhea
fat in the feces; frothy, foul-smelling fecal matter (causes by indigestion of fat)
aphthous stomatitis
inflammation of the mouth with small, painful ulcers
dental caries
tooth decay
herpes stomatitis
inflammation of the mouth cased by infection with the herpesvirus
oral leukoplakia
white plaques or patches on the mucosa of the mouth
periodontal disease
inflammation and degeneration of gums, teeth, and surrounding bone
achalasia
failure of the lower esophagus sphincter (LES) muscle to relax
esophageal cancer
malignant tumor of the esophagus
esophageal varices
swollen, varicose veins at the lower end of the esophagus; alcohol abuse
- portal hypertension
gastric cancer
malignant tumor of the stomach
gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
solids and fluids return to the mouth from the stomach ; heart burn; reflux of esophageal to the stomach
hernia
protrusion of an organ or part through the muscle normally containing it
- hiatal hernia
- inguinal hernia
- umbilical hernia
peptic ulcer
open sore in the lining of the stomach or duodenum
anal fistula
abnormal tube like passageway near the anus
colonic polyps
polyps (benign growth) protrude from the mucous membrane membrane of the colon
colorectal cancer
adenocarcinoma of the colon or rectum, or both
Crohn disease (small bowel)
chronic inflammation of the intestinal tract (terminal ileum and colon)
- regional enteritis
- IBD: inflammatory bowel disease
diverticulosis
abnormal outpouchings in the intestinal wall
- diverticulitis: pain bc sigmoid and resect it
dysentery
painful, inflamed intestines commonly caused by bacterial infection
hemorrhoids
swollen, twisted, varicose veins in the rectal region
ileus
loss of peristalsis with resulting obstruction of the intestines
intussusception
telescoping of the intestines
irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)
group of GI symptoms associated with stress and tension
ulcerative colitis
chronic inflammation of the colon with the presence of ulcers
volvulus
twisting of the intestine on itself
cholelithiasis
gallstones in the gallbladder
FFFF
female, fertile, fat, fair skin
cirrhosis
chronic degenerative disease of the liver
pancreatic cancer
malignant tumor of the pancreas
- pancreatoduodenectomy (Whipple procedure) remove duodenum + pancreas
pancreatitis
inflammation of the pancreas
viral hepatitis
inflammation of the liver caused by a virus
- Hep A: contaminated food or water
- Hep B: blood transfusion, sex, etc severe infection
- Hep C: can progress to chronic hepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma
