Ch. 5 Infection Control Flashcards
1
Q
GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTERIA
A
MYCOPLASMAS
2
Q
MYCOPLASMAS
A
PARASITIC/FREE LIVING BACTERIA. CAUSES PNEUMONIA AND GENITOURINARY INFECTIONS
3
Q
MICROBES
A
GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTERIA SMALLER THAN OTHER BACTERIA
4
Q
RICKETTSIAS AND CHLAMYDIAS LIVE WHERE
A
AS PARASITES IN ANOTHER CELL
5
Q
ENDOSPORES
A
BACTERIAL SPORES
6
Q
BACTERIA CAN FORM WHAT
A
A PROTECTIVE COAT (SPORE) WHEN SURVIVAL CONDITIONS ARE UNFAVORABLE. MORE DIFFICULT TO DESTROY
7
Q
AEROBES ARE WHAT
A
BACTERIA THAT SURVIVE AND THRIVE ONLY IN AN OXYGEN ENVIRONMENT
8
Q
ANAEROBES ARE WHAT
A
BACTERIA THAT ARE UNABLE TO LIVE IN PRESENCE OF OXYGEN
9
Q
NAME DIFFERENT BACTERIAS
A
TB - TUBERCULOSIS, STREPTOCOCCAL INFECTIONS OF THE THROAT, SALMONELLA POISONING, LYME DISEASE, GONORRHEA, SYPHILIS, TETANUS
10
Q
WHAT IS FUNGI
A
CELLS THAT NEED AEROBIC ENVIRONMENT
11
Q
WHAT ARE TWO MAIN FORMS OF FUNGI
A
YEASTS - ONE CELLED FUNGI THAT REPRODUCE BY BUDDING.
MOLDS - (MYCELIA) MULTI-CELLULAR COLONIES THAT REPRODUCE BY SPORE FORMATION.
12
Q
DIMORPHIC FUNGUS
A
CAN GROW AS EITHER A YEAST OR MOLD; DEPENDS ON THE TEMPERATURE. EX: HISTOPLASMOSIS - KITTY LITTER DISEASE
13
Q
MOLDS
A
CAN BE USEFUL, PRIMARY SOURCE OF MATERIAL FOR ANTIBIOTIC DRUGS, PRODUCE ENZYMES FOR MEDICAL USE, PRODUCTION OF FOODS TO FLAVOR CHEESE
14
Q
YEAST
A
PRODUCE BEER AND WINE, LEAVEN BREAD, SOURCE OF VITAMINS AND MINERALS, SOME YEASTS ARE PATHOGENS AND CAN PRODUCE DISEASE, CANDIDA ALBICANS (THRUSH) CAUSED BY YEAST, WHITE INFECTION IN THE MOUTH
15
Q
PARASITES
A
ORGANISMS THAT LIVE ON OR IN OTHER ORGANISMS AT EXPENSE OF THE HOST. COULD BE PLANT OR ANIMAL.
16
Q
ANIMAL PARASITES PATHOGENIC TO HUMANS
A
PROTOZOA, HELMINTHS (PARASITIC WORM)
17
Q
PROTOZOA
A
PARASITE THAT IS A COMPLEX ONE CELLED MICROORGANISMS. MOVES VIA FLAGELLA. CAN ALSO MOVE BY CILIA.
18
Q
FLAGELLA
A
WHIPLIKE PROJECTIONS THAT PRODUCE LOCOMOTION
19
Q
CILIA
A
SMALL DELICATE HAIRLIKE PROJECTIONS ON CELL WALL
20
Q
PROTOZOA AFFECTS WHAT
A
THE GASTRO (GI) TRACT, GENITOURINARY TRACT, AND CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
21
Q
PROTOZOA DISEASES
A
AMEBIASIS, GIARDIASIS, AND MALARIA (CAUSED BY PROTOZOA THROUGH MOSQUITOS
22
Q
HELMINTHS
A
PARASITIC WORMS, FLATWORMS OR ROUNDWORMS, PINWORMS
23
Q
HELMINTHS - TAPEWORM
A
LIVE IN HUMAN INTESTINAL TRACT FOR LONG PERIODS OF TIME
24
Q
VIRUSES
A
CANNOT BE SEEN UNDER A MICROSCOPE. SMALLEST MICROORGANISM TO ACT AS A PATHOGEN. HAS EITHER DNA OR RNA; NEVER BOTH.
25
WHERE DOES VIRUSES ATTACH ITSELF
AT A MEMBRANE RECEPTOR SITE. ONCE IN THE CELL, IT BEGINS MULTIPLYING
26
LATENT VIRUS
VIRUS ENTERS AND WAITS FOR DECREASED IMMUNE SYSTEM
27
DIFFERENT VIRUSES
FEVER BLISTERS (HERPES SIMPLEX), SHINGLES (HERPES ZOSTER), INFLUENZA, COMMON COLD, MUMPS, MEASLES, HIV/AIDS, HEPATITIS A,B,C,D & E. VIRUS IS THE SMALLEST PATHOGEN.
28
PRIONS
PROTEIN WITHOUT DNA OR RNA
29
WHERE ARE PRIONS PRESENT AND WHY
IN BRAIN CELLS TO PREVENT NEUROLOGIC DISEASES. CAN MUTATE AND BECOME INFECTIOUS.
30
SOME WAYS THAT PRIONS CAN BE TRANSMITTEDED
EATING INFECTED MEAT OR MEAT PRODUCTS, CAN BE TRANSMITTED EVEN AFTER DEATH PRECAUTIONS IN AUTOPSY ROOM, MADCOW DISEASE
31
ELEMENTS NEEDED TO TRANSMIT INFECTION
AGENT-ENVIRONMENT-EXIT PORTAL-TRANSMISSION-ENTRY PORTAL-HOST.
32
IMMUNE SYSTEM - ANTIBODY
PROTEIN SUBSTANCE PRODUCED BY WHITE BLOOD CELL, LYMPHOCYTE OR B CELLS, T CELLS MACROPHAGES AND NEUTROPHILS
33
WHERE ANTIBODIES ARE FOUND
TEARS, SALIVA, AND COLOSTRUM
34
VACCINES PRODUCE
ARTIFICIAL IMMUNITY. WHEN IMMUNE SYSTEM IS DYSFUNCTIONAL, IT CAUSES AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES LIKE RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS, LUPUS, MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS
35
IMMUNO-COMPROMISED
BODY CANNOT DEFEND ITSELF. COULD BE MALNUTRITION OR A RESULT OF MEDICAL TREATMENT. DISEASE OR INJURY. HIV/AIDS.
36
NEUTROPENIC
PERSON FROM CANCER AND CHEMO TREATMENTS
37
HIV/AIDS
INCURABLE WITH A HIGH MORTALITY RATE.
38
HIV - RETROVIRUS
MEANING IT CONVERTS ITS VIRAL MATERIAL FROM RNA TO DNA AFTER IT PENETRATES HOST CELL
39
HIV/AIDS INFECTS WHAT
T4 CELLS CAUSING MALFUNCTION AND LOSS OF EFFECTIVE IMMUNE SYSTEM. WITH DECREASED IMMUNITY, PEOPLE DIE FROM OTHER INFECTIONS THAT CANNOT BE FOUGHT LIKE KAPOSI'S SARCOMA.
40
KAPOSI'S SARCOMA
MALIGNANT TUMOR OF THE ENDOTHELIUM
41
PHASE 1 OF HIV/AIDS
HIV ENTERS BODY AND REPLICATES. NO SYMPTOMS, BUT CAN BE TRANSMITTED
42
PHASE 2 OF HIV/AIDS
FLU-LIKE SYMPTOMS, STIFF NECK, SEIZURES, MILD SYMPTOMS, CAN BE TRANSMITTED
43
PHASE 3 OF HIV/AIDS
DECLINING T-CELL IMMUNE FUNCTION, NO SYMPTOMS, CAN BE TRANSMITTED
44
PHASE 4 OF HIV/AIDS
PERSISTENTLY ENLARGED LYMPH NODES, LOW-GRADE FEVERS, MOUTH LESIONS, WEIGHT LOSS, CHANGES IN COGNITION, PERIPHERAL NEUROPATHY, VERY SYMPTOMATIC.
45
PHASE 5 OF HIV/AIDS
T-CELLS<200=AIDS. OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTIONS. 80-90% DIE WITHIN 3 YEARS
46
HIV/AIDS OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTIONS
PNEUMOCYSTIS CARINII PNEUMONIA, CANDIDA, HERPES SIMPLEX, TB, AIDS DEMENTIA COMPLEX, KAPOSI'S SARCOMA
47
HIV TREATMENT
GOAL IS TO DECREASE THE VIRAL LOAD IN THE BLOOD STREAM. PREVENT TRANSMISSION. IMPROVE IMMUNE FUNCTION. PROPHYLAXIS AGAINST OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTION
48
HIV PREVENTION
AVOID SEXUAL CONTACT WITH HIGH RISK POPULATION, SAFE SEX, STANDARD PRECAUTIONS WHILE WORKING IN HOSPITAL, PROPER DISPOSAL OF SHARPS, IF NEEDLE STICK INJURY, CONTACT SUPERVISOR AND CALL NEEDLE STICK HOTLINE PER INSTITUTION PROTOCOL. GOOD NUTRITION, ADEQUATE REST. HIPAA.
49
HIPAA
PERSON'S RIGHT TO PRIVACY
50
HEPATITIS C
HEP C IS THE MOST COMMON BLOOD-BORNE INFECTION IN THE US
51
HEPATITIS IS CAUSED BY
5 SEPARATE RNA VIRUSES.
52
HEP A
TRANSMITTED VIA ORAL-FECAL ROUTE
53
HEP B
TRANS VIA BLOOD AND BODY FLUID
54
HEP C
TRANS VIA BLOOD AND BODY FLUID
55
HEP D
TRANS VIA BLOOD AND BODY FLUID
56
HEP E
TRANS VIA ORAL-FECAL ROUTE
57
HEP G
SIMILAR TO B & C, BUT LONGER INCUBATION
58
HEALTHCARE WORKERS MOST OFTEN CONTRACT HEPATITIS ?
B. FROM A NEEDLESTICK. PEOPLE MOST SUSCEPTIBLE TO HEP SHARE CONTAMINATED NEEDLES AND HAVE MULTIPLE SEX PARTNERS. HEMOPHILIACS (BLEEDERS)
59
HEP SYMPTOMS
FLU-LIKE SYMPTOMS, LOW-GRADE FEVER, MUSCLE ACHES, FATIGUE, JAUNDICE FROM LIVER ENLARGEMENT AND LIVER CELL DEATH, CIRRHOSIS OF THE LIVER ENCEPHALOPATHY; FATAL
60
ENCEPHALOPATHY
DISORDER OF THE BRAIN
61
TUBERCULOSIS CAUSED BY
SPORE-FORMING MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS
62
TB COMMONLY AFFECTS
LUNGS BUT CAN GO TO OTHER PARTS OF THE BODY
63
TB SYMPTOMS
FATIGUE, LOSS OF APPETITE, WEIGHT LOSS, NIGHT SWEATS, SHALLOW COUGH, HEMOPTYSIS (COUGHING UP BLOODY SPUTUM), WHEEZING, PLEURITIC CHEST PAIN
64
TB TRAVELS THROUGH
AIR. HEALTH CARE WORKER MUST BE FITTED FOR THE MASK AND WEAR THE RESPIRATOR. ANNUAL PPD IF EXPOSED, THEN ANNUAL CHEST X-RAY
65
NOSOCOMIAL INFECTIONS RELATED TO SPECIFIC MICROORGANISMS
MRSA- METHICILLIN-RESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS. CONTACT PRECAUTIONS, CAN CAUSE DECUBITUS ULCERS, PNEUMONIA, ENDOCARDITIS, BACTEREMIA, OSTEOMYELITIS, AND SEPTIC THROMBOPHLEBITIS.
66
VRSA
VANCOMYCIN-RESISTANT S. AUREUS
67
VRE
VANCOMYCIN-RESISTANT ENTEROCOCCUS - ENTEROCOCCUS NORMAL FLORA IN GI TRACT. CAN CAUSE DISEASE IF IT AFFECTS BLOOD, URINE, OR WOUNDS
68
BACTEREMIA & FUNGEMIA
BACTERIA IN BLOOD STREAM, MICROBES ENTERING BLOOD VIA VAD (VASCULAR ACCESS DEVICES).
69
CLOSTRIDUM DIFFICILE
DISRUPTS NORMAL FLORA OF INTESTINAL TRACT
70
AGENCIES CONTROLLING INSTITUTIONAL, PATIENT, AND WORKPLACE SAFETY
JOINT COMMISSION, OSHA (OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION), CDC, US PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE, FDA, WHO (WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION), UNITED NATIONS CHILDREN'S FUND, US DEPT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, EPA NUCLEAR CONTROL AGENCY
71
HOSPITAL WORK ATTIRE
SHORT NATURAL FINGERNAILS, CLOSED TOE SHOES, LIMITED JEWELRY (WEDDING BAND SET), CLEAN SCRUBS WITH SHORT SLEEVES, LAB COAT, HAIR AWAY FROM FACE, WASH HANDS BEFORE AND AFTER EVERY PATIENT
72
HAND HYGIENE
DO NOT LEAN AGAINST SINK, TURN ON WATER WITH FOOT PEDALS, WET HANDS AND SOAP AND LATHER HANDS AND FOREARMS UP TO ELBOWS WITH SCRUBBING MOTION FOR AS LONG AS IT TAKES TO SING HAPPY BIRTHDAY TWICE. PAPERTOWELS TO DRY HANDS AND TURN OFF WATER WITH CLEAN PAPERTOWELS. USE ONLY HOSPITAL SOAP AND LOTION.
73
HAND HYGIENE
CAN USE AN ALCOHOL HAND RUB. ROUTINE PT- EXAMINE WITH GLOVES. IF PT ON ANY PRECAUTIONS - MUST USE SOAP AND WATER. IF MUST LEAVE ROOM DURING A PROCEDURE - CANNOT LEAVE WITH TWO GLOVES, AT LEASE REMOVE ONE GLOVE AND ONLY USE THAT HAND
74
STANDARD PRECAUTIONS TIER 1
USED AT ALL TIMES! BASED ON THE ASSUMPTION THAT EVERY PT HAS POTENTIAL FOR INFECTIOUS DISEASE. CONFORMS TO OSHA STANDARDS. GET HEP B IMMUNIZATION. PPE (PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT).
75
PPE (PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
GLOVES, GOWNS, MASKS, PLACE TO WASH HANDS, SHARPS CONTAINER
76
STANDARD PRECAUTIONS - BSI
BODY SUBSTANCE ISOLATION. MAY BE INFECTIONS SECRETIONS, BREAST MILK, CSF, SYNOVIAL FLUID, PLEURAL FLUID, PERITONEAL FLUID, PERICARDIAL FLUID, AMNIOTIC FLUID, TEARS, SALIVA, SPUTUM, WOUND DRAINAGE. NEVER TRY TO RECAP A USED NEEDLE.
77
INFECTION CONTROL
IF A PT REQUIRES CPR, USE MOUTHPIECE AND RESUSCITATION BAGS LOCATED IN PT CARE AREAS. EYE PROTECTION OF POSSIBLE SPATTERING OF BLOOD OR BODY FLUID - WEAR GOGGLES WITH SIDE PROTECTORS. GLOVES PART OF BSI. WEAR GLOVES WHEN WITH PT
78
INFECTION CONTROL - MEDICAL ASEPSIS
MICROORGANISMS ELIMINATED THROUGH USE OF SOAP, WATER, FRICTION AND CHEMICAL DISINFECTANTS
79
INFECTION CONTROL - SURGICAL ASEPSIS
MICROORGANISMS AND SPORES COMPLETELY DESTROYED BY HEAT OR CHEMICAL PROCESS
80
TAKING OFF DIRTY GLOVES
1. WITH YOUR GLOVED RIGHT HAND, HOLD UPPER OUTSIDE PART OF LEFT GLOVE AND PULL IT OFF
2. HOLD REMOVED GLOVE IN PALM OF GLOVED HAND
3. WITH UNGLOVED INDEX FINGER, REACH INSIDE TOP OF SOILED GLOVE AND PULL IT OFF, TURNING IT INSIDE OUT
4. DISPOSE SOILED GLOVES
5. WASH HANDS
81
LATEX SENSITIVITY
8-12% HEALTHCARE WORKERS HAVE LATEX SENSITIVITY. EMPLOYERS PROVIDE NON-LATEX POWDER-FREE GLOVES. USE NON-LATEX GLOVES IF PT HAS ALLERGY
82
LATEX ALLERGIC REACTIONS INCLUDE
LOCAL REACTION HIVES (URTICARIA), SYSTEMIC ANAPHYLAXIS, DEATH, POWDER MAY EXAGGERATE.
83
TRANSMISSION-BASED PRECAUTIONS- TIER II
PLACE EXTRA BARRIER BETWEEN INFECTED PERSON AND CAREGIVERS. USE OF TIER I + ROUTES OF TRANSMISSION BASED ON INFECTION
84
ROUTES OF TRANSMISSION
1. AIRBORNE
2. DROPLET
3. CONTACT
85
AIRBORNE PRECAUTIONS -
| MICROBES TRAVEL ON
EVAPORATED DROPLETS THAT REMAIN SUSPENDED IN AIR, OR DUST PARTICLES AND CAN BE INHALED. PT HAS PRIVATE ROOM W/ NEGATIVE AIR PRESSURE VENTILATION.
86
AIRBORNE PRECAUTIONS - N95
RESPIRATOR MASK FOR HEALTHCARE WORKERS, SURGICAL MASK FOR VISITORS WITH DOOR CLOSED, STANDARD PRECAUTION.
87
AIRBORNE PRECAUTION - SARS
SUDDEN ACUTE RESPIRATORY SYNDROME. OTHERS ARE; SMALLPOX, TB, VAICELLA, CHICKEN POX, RUBEOLA, H1N1
88
DROPLET ISOLATION AND MICROBE TRAVELING
MICROBES TRAVEL ON DROPLETS OF EXCRETIONS OF INFECTED PEOPLE BY SNEEZING, COUGHING, AND TALKING. CAN SPREAD WITHIN 3 FEET.
89
DROPLET ISOLATION
PRIVATE ROOM OR ROOM WITH PERSON WHO HAS THE SAME ILLNESS. BE SURE TO WEAR MASK IF YOU MUST BE WITHIN 3 FEET OF THE PT.
90
CONTACT PRECAUTIONS
PRIVATE ROOM, GLOVES BEFORE ENTERING/REMOVED BEFORE EXITING; WEAR GOWN, THOROUGHLY CLEAN EQUIPMENT AFTER CONTACT WITH PT. PT'S WITH MRSA, C. DIFF, E. COLI, HEP A
91
NEWBORN AND NICU PROTOCOL
CLEAN PORTABLE MACHINE WITH DISINFECTANT WIPES, HAND SCRUBBED FOR 3 MIN WITH ANTIBACTERIAL SOAP, NEVER GO TO NURSERY IF YOU HAVE OR SUSPECT TO HAVE AN INFECTION
92
TRANSFERRING PT W/ COMMUNICABLE DISEASE PROTOCOL
WHEELCHAIR OR STRETCHER, PT WEARS MASK AND WE WEAR MASK, GOWN AND GLOVES, PLACE SHEET OVER STRETCHER RAILS OF CONTACT PERSON AND PILLOW CASE OVER CHART, DO NOT TOUCH INSIDE OF THE SHEET
