Ch 5 freestanding practice Flashcards
Recent demographic information shows that for the first time in many generations, American children are not expected to earn more real (inflation-adjusted) income than their parents, and there seems to be a decrease in meritocracy. This is evidence that:
a. intergenerational mobility is stagnant, and stratification may be on the rise
b. generational stagnation is leading to social reproduction
c. social reproduction is leading to stagnant intergenerational mobility
d. intergenerational mobility is stagnant, and stratification is relatively stable
One employee quits a job to take a similar position at another firm. Her subordinate is promoted to replace her in the position. Which of the following has occurred?
a. An employee exercising vertical mobility to replace another employee who has exercised vertical mobility
b. An employee exercising horizontal mobility to replace another employee who has exercised horizontal mobility
c. An employee exercising vertical mobility to replace another employee who has exercised horizontal mobility
d. An employee exercising horizontal mobility to replace another employee who has exercised vertical mobility
The Louisiana Basin in many ways represents a subculture of American society where French language and culture has had a significant impact on norms and rituals. The famous mardi gras festival is an example of an imported cultural ritual which has, over the years, come to dominate much of what the world associates with the New Orleans area and its culture, at the expense of many other traditions and its culture, at the expense of man other traditions and norms. Which term most closely describes this scenario?
a. cultural lag
b. cultural transmission
c. cultural diffusion
d. culture shock
Each of the following is consistent with the socioeconomic gradient in health EXCEPT:
a. a state university makes a push to accept more students from its immediate vicinity and this leads to improved health measures in the neighborhood
b. teachers are found to have higher life expectancy than a collection of blue collar workers, despite similar median incomes and income distributions
c. an African American male living in a wealthy community is more likely to have better health outcomes despite a low income
d. a wealthy business owner in a poor neighborhood is a shielded against detrimental effects despite low health care outcomes in her community
Life expectancy in most developed countries is currently expanding while fertility rates are decreasing. In Japan, for example, recent data showed life expectancy in the mid-80s, and average fertility at approximately 1.5 births per female. Both these trends are expected to stabilize in the coming year. We would expect Japan to experience:
a. population growth due to reduced mortality rates
b. population decline due to sub-replacement-level birth rates
c. population growth due to replacement-level birth rates
d. population decline due to mortality rate stabilization
Evidence suggests that among ethnic groups, coverage rates are converging. This suggests increasing:
a. assimilation
b. multiculturalism
c. ethnocentrism
d. cultural relativity
The trends in ethnicity and uninsured rates are most indicative of:
a. latent functions negatively affecting the dominant culture
b. intersectionalism exacerbating the effects of the socioeconomic gradient
c. demographic variables impacting a social institution
d. manifest functions of health insurance interacting with subcultures
The trend in income and uninsured rates demonstrated in figure 1 is most indicative of:
a. issues in availability consistent with the socioeconomic gradient in health
b. issues in accessibility consistent with the socioeconomic gradient in health
c. issues in accessibility at odds with the socioeconomic gradient in health
d. issues in availability at odds with the socioeconomic gradient in health
Passage Q: According to Figure 1, what is true about life expectancy in the United States?
a. In recent years, the life expectancy for infants has plateaued for both sexes
b. Age 35 is the ideal age to accurately determine the expectancy of life for both sexes
c. In 1980, males at age 55 had higher life expectancy compared females at age 55
d. At the age of 75, life expectancy consistently increased over time for both sexes
Passage Q: Suppose that in a pre-modernist society, a lower-class woman tries to join a conversation among a group of upper-class men. As a result, the men ridicule the woman. The scenario most accurately portrays:
a. prejudice against the in-group
b. prejudice against the out-group
c. discrimination against the in-group
d. discrimination against the out-group
Passage Q: Suppose that a pre-modernist moves up from the lower class to the upper class because the government recognized his skills as a craftsman. Which of the following is true about this pattern of social mobility?
I. The pre-modernist experienced intergenerational mobility
II. The pre-modernist experienced intragenerational mobility
III. This pre-modern society practiced meritocracy
a. I only
b. II only
c. I and III only
d. II and III only
Passage Q: According to Figure 2, at what age do the mortality rates of males widely differ from the mortality rates of females in 1925?
a. 21-30
b. 31-40
c. 41-50
d. 51-60
Passage Q: Poor people in pre-modern societies are forced to live in a place where they lack food, water, and shelter for them to survive. Which of the following most closely defines the struggles that lower class pre-modernists faced?
a. absolute poverty
b. social change
c. relative poverty
d. global inequality
Passage Q: Which ideology best describes Alex Inkeles’ findings?
a. Traditional theory, in which society is observed at its current state in order to learn and understand its systems
b. Critical theory, in which people continually evaluate and change society in order to attain progress
c. Functionalism, in which the interdependence of institutions strives to maintain stability in a society
d. conflict theory, in which the inequality between classes ultimately forces change on a society
