Ch 5 Endocrine system

Question 1

Steps for muscle growth (4)

Answer 1

1. damage
2. immflamtion: T & B cells rebuild
3. hormonal signals: growth factor
4. synthesisn of new sarcmeres/ protiens (contractile and structural)

Question 2

Physiological roles of hormones (6)

Answer 2

1. regulation/ reproduction
2. energy production
3. utilization
4. growth and development
5. astorage
6. homeostasis

Question 3

List the Endocrine Glands (12)

Answer 3

• anterior pituitary gland
  -posterior pituitry gland
  -thyroid glND
  -parathyroid gland
  -pancreas
  -adrenal cortex
  -liver
  -adrenal medulla
  -ovaries
  -testes
  -heart
  -kidney

Question 4

when is general adaption syndrome beneficial?

Answer 4

-when the stressor is removed in a timely manner
- with progressive overload

Question 5

How do you optimize the adrenal gland response?

Answer 5

• high volume, large muscle groups, short rest
  -vary training and training variables over time
  -provide days of complete rest
  -cycle in low volume days

Question 6

5 principles of increasing growth hormone

Answer 6

• use workouts at higher lactate concentrations
  -high intensity
  -high total work
  -short rest
  -supplement with carbs before and after a workout

Question 7

6 principles to increase serum testosterone

Answer 7

-focus on larg muscle groups (deadlifts, squats, power cleans)
- heavy resistance (85% RM)
- moderate to high volume
-focus on short rest intervals

Question 8

General Principles of the endocrine system

Answer 8

• more muscle fibers recruited, greater remodeling process
  -only the fibers activated by resistance are subject to adaption (including hormonal)

Question 9

Training adaptions of catecholamines

Answer 9

-heavy resistance increases the ability to secrete epinephrine during maximal exercise
-stimulation of catecholamines= one of the first responses to resistance

Question 10

catecholamines

Answer 10

hormones made by the adrenal glands: epinephrine, neoepinephrine, dopamine

-powerful central motor stimulators

Question 11

Role of catecholamines

Answer 11

• increased production via metabolic enzyme activity
  -increased muscle contraction rate
  -increased blood pressure
  -increased energy availability
  -augment secretion rate of testosterone and othern hormones

Question 12

changes in peripheral blood (4)

Answer 12

-increased concentration in blood= increased receptor interaction
-decreased concentration means increased uptake
- increased hormone not a prerequisite for hypertrophy
- interpretation can be tricky

Question 13

mechanisms of hormone interactions (7)

Answer 13

INCREASES IN:
- hormone blood concentrations
-or decreased acceptance of hormone
-genetic predisposition of muscle growth
-probability of interaction with receptors
-exercise combo. prescription= hypertrophy
- recovery mechanisms required for anabolic processes

Question 14

hormones and the relationship with heavy resistance training (5)

Answer 14

• anabolic hormone concentrations post exercise
  -increased receptors
• increased recruitment of large motor units
• hormones are secreted before, after and during exercise
• leads to muscle growth and strength gains

Question 15

acute hormone secretions

Answer 15

tell the type of physiological stress, metabolic demands, and subsequent changes in metabolism

Question 16

characteristics of testosterone (7)

Answer 16

-primary androgen
-anabolic hormone
-growth hormone has a synergistic relationship
-transported via binding proteins
-muscle growth keeps testosterone in a bound state
-male= testes, women= ovaries, adrenal gland

Question 17

adaptions of the endocrine system (5)

Answer 17

-change in synthesis and storage of hormones
-change in clearance in the liver
-change in the number of receptors
-change in magnitude of signal strength to the nucleus from receptor
-change in degree of interaction with nucleus

Question 18

Amine Hormones

Answer 18

-synthesized through amino acids
-bind to cell on membrane
-act through secondary messengers

1. tyrosine: neoepiphrine, dopamine
2. tryptophan: serotonin

Question 19

how are polypeptides regulated?

Answer 19

through negative feedback

Question 20

steroid hormones

Answer 20

-hormones from the adrenal cortex/gonads
ex: testosterone, estradiol
- fat-soluble

Question 21

3 category of hormones w examples

Answer 21

1. polypeptides: insulin, growth hormone
2. amines: norepinephrine, dopamine
3. steroid: testosterone, cortisol

Question 22

characteristics of IGF

Answer 22

-polypeptide
-produced in the liver
-igf 1= 70 aminos, igf II= 67 aminos
-regulated by growth hormone
-crucial for protein synthesis

Question 23

2 pituitary hormones

Answer 23

1. growth hormone
2. prolactin

Question 24

overall growth hormone affected by:

Answer 24

• age
  -sex
  -alcohol
  -exercise
  -resistance training protocol= short rest periods

Question 25

Growth hormone responsible for (6)

Answer 25

-glucose utilization
-collagen synthesis
-cartilage growth
-protein synthesis
-enhanced immune health
-increased lyposis

Question 26

where is growth hormone produced?

Answer 26

pituitary gland

Question 27

free testosterone hypothesis

Answer 27

only free testosterone interacts w/ target tissue BUT bound testosterone could significantly influence rate of hormone delivery to target tissue