Ch 5 Endocrine system Flashcards
Steps for muscle growth (4)
- damage
- immflamtion: T & B cells rebuild
- hormonal signals: growth factor
- synthesisn of new sarcmeres/ protiens (contractile and structural)
Physiological roles of hormones (6)
- regulation/ reproduction
- energy production
- utilization
- growth and development
- astorage
- homeostasis
List the Endocrine Glands (12)
- anterior pituitary gland
-posterior pituitry gland
-thyroid glND
-parathyroid gland
-pancreas
-adrenal cortex
-liver
-adrenal medulla
-ovaries
-testes
-heart
-kidney
when is general adaption syndrome beneficial?
-when the stressor is removed in a timely manner
- with progressive overload
How do you optimize the adrenal gland response?
- high volume, large muscle groups, short rest
-vary training and training variables over time
-provide days of complete rest
-cycle in low volume days
5 principles of increasing growth hormone
- use workouts at higher lactate concentrations
-high intensity
-high total work
-short rest
-supplement with carbs before and after a workout
6 principles to increase serum testosterone
-focus on larg muscle groups (deadlifts, squats, power cleans)
- heavy resistance (85% RM)
- moderate to high volume
-focus on short rest intervals
General Principles of the endocrine system
- more muscle fibers recruited, greater remodeling process
-only the fibers activated by resistance are subject to adaption (including hormonal)
Training adaptions of catecholamines
-heavy resistance increases the ability to secrete epinephrine during maximal exercise
-stimulation of catecholamines= one of the first responses to resistance
catecholamines
hormones made by the adrenal glands: epinephrine, neoepinephrine, dopamine
-powerful central motor stimulators
Role of catecholamines
- increased production via metabolic enzyme activity
-increased muscle contraction rate
-increased blood pressure
-increased energy availability
-augment secretion rate of testosterone and othern hormones
changes in peripheral blood (4)
-increased concentration in blood= increased receptor interaction
-decreased concentration means increased uptake
- increased hormone not a prerequisite for hypertrophy
- interpretation can be tricky
mechanisms of hormone interactions (7)
INCREASES IN:
- hormone blood concentrations
-or decreased acceptance of hormone
-genetic predisposition of muscle growth
-probability of interaction with receptors
-exercise combo. prescription= hypertrophy
- recovery mechanisms required for anabolic processes
hormones and the relationship with heavy resistance training (5)
- anabolic hormone concentrations post exercise
-increased receptors - increased recruitment of large motor units
- hormones are secreted before, after and during exercise
- leads to muscle growth and strength gains
acute hormone secretions
tell the type of physiological stress, metabolic demands, and subsequent changes in metabolism
characteristics of testosterone (7)
-primary androgen
-anabolic hormone
-growth hormone has a synergistic relationship
-transported via binding proteins
-muscle growth keeps testosterone in a bound state
-male= testes, women= ovaries, adrenal gland
adaptions of the endocrine system (5)
-change in synthesis and storage of hormones
-change in clearance in the liver
-change in the number of receptors
-change in magnitude of signal strength to the nucleus from receptor
-change in degree of interaction with nucleus
Amine Hormones
-synthesized through amino acids
-bind to cell on membrane
-act through secondary messengers
- tyrosine: neoepiphrine, dopamine
- tryptophan: serotonin
how are polypeptides regulated?
through negative feedback
steroid hormones
-hormones from the adrenal cortex/gonads
ex: testosterone, estradiol
- fat-soluble
3 category of hormones w examples
- polypeptides: insulin, growth hormone
- amines: norepinephrine, dopamine
- steroid: testosterone, cortisol
characteristics of IGF
-polypeptide
-produced in the liver
-igf 1= 70 aminos, igf II= 67 aminos
-regulated by growth hormone
-crucial for protein synthesis
2 pituitary hormones
- growth hormone
- prolactin
overall growth hormone affected by:
- age
-sex
-alcohol
-exercise
-resistance training protocol= short rest periods