Ch. 5 Changes to the Earth (slow)

Question 1

Define weathering

Answer 1

the breaking down or wearing away of rocks or soil by water, wind, plants, animals, or the sun’s heat.

Question 2

Define erosion

Answer 2

the movement of weathered rocks or soil by wind or water

Question 3

deposition

Answer 3

the dropping of sand, soil, or rocks through erosion

Question 4

sediment

Answer 4

sand, soil, or rock that is deposited by a river

Question 5

river erosion forms these

Answer 5

v-shaped valleys or canyons

Question 6

What river has eroded the Grand Canyon?

Answer 6

the Colorado River

Question 7

How long has the Colorado River been eroding the Grand Canyon?

Answer 7

8 million years

Question 8

These are rivers of ice

Answer 8

glaciers

Question 9

These erode u-shaped valleys

Answer 9

glaciers

Question 10

These leave moraines

Answer 10

glaciers

Question 11

Sediment left behind after a glacier melts

Answer 11

moraines

Question 12

When a glacier drags rocks across the ground and scrapes the surface, these are left

Answer 12

glacial grooves

Question 13

What is an example of water causing chemical weathering?

Answer 13

Water can dissolve rocks and make them soft like clay. The minerals in them can then wash away

Question 14

What is an example of water causing physical weathering?

Answer 14

Water can seep in cracks, freeze, and force the rocks apart. Rain can also pound on the rocks like tiny hammers. Ocean or river waves can slam into rocks causing them to split.

Question 15

Name an example of a landform created by erosion and one created by deposition.

Answer 15

Valleys and canyons are created by erosion from rivers or glaciers. Deltas, beaches, and moraines are created by deposition.

Question 16

A natural land feature on Earth

Answer 16

landform

Question 17

A triangular landform at the mouth of a river where sediment is deposited as a river flows into a larger body of water

Answer 17

delta

Question 18

These are the greatest eroders

Answer 18

glaciers

Question 19

These erode their own ledges

Answer 19

waterfalls

Question 20

Why do ledges form on waterfalls?

Answer 20

Ledges form because soft rock underneath erodes more quickly than hard rock above

Question 21

These erode beaches

Answer 21

ocean waves

Question 22

Rocks can be weathered by ___, ____, ____, or _____.

Answer 22

water, sun, wind, plant roots, animals

Question 23

Different colors in rocks represent different ____.

Answer 23

minerals

Question 24

When a river curves in its path, we say that it ____.

Answer 24

meanders

Question 25

What happens to solid, sand, and stone when a river slows down at the end?

Answer 25

These materials settle to the bottom (called deposition). It may form a delta.

Question 26

Name 3 examples of water erosion

Answer 26

Any 3 of: rain, rivers, waterfalls, ocean waves, glaciers

Question 27

This structure was probably eroded by:

Answer 27

wind and sand