Ch. 5 Cerebral Cortex Flashcards
Association fibers
interconnects parts of same hemisphere
Commissural fibers
run between hemispheres
Projection fibers
Connect cortex with other areas of CNS
Corpus collosum
Connects two cerebral hemispheres
Internal capsule
-contains axons that connect cortex with thalamus/spinal cord
-Lesions here can impact entire cerbeal hemisphere
Broadman’s Map
cortex divided into regions (47 functional regions)
Frontal lobe function
thinking, problem solving, voluntary movement
5 areas of frontal lobe
Motor cortex, premotor cortex, supplementary motor area, broca’s area, prefrontal cortex
Motor cortex
Controls voluntary movement on opposite side of body
Premotor cortex
trunk function, proximal musculature, body part ownership
Supplementary motor cortex
motor planning, stores motor programs, directs activity of motor cortex
Broca’s area
Speech. Controls muscles of face, lip, tongue, larynx
Apraxia
Motor planning deficit
Expressive aphasisa
inability to produce speech, can still understand language, usually stroke patients
Prefrontal cortex 3 divisions
orbitofrontal cortex, dorsolateral frontal cortex, ventromedial frontal cortex
Orbitofrontal cortex
Impulse control, inhibition of inappropriate behavior, carrying out plans.
Dorsolateral frontal cortex
Analytical thinking, problem solving, planning, attention, focus, general intelligence
Ventromedial frontal cortex
Limbic system, connects emotion/thoughts, emotional meaning to life, experiences
Prefrontal syndrome
damage of higher functioning processes of the brain such as motivation, planning, social behavior, and language/speech production
Homunculus map- do areas that have more sensory reception have larger or smaller representation
Larger. The more receptors needed for sensation the larger representation on homunculus map. Hands, lips, tongue are the largest on the map.
Somatosensory cortex
sensory perception/ processing area
Somatosensory association area
interperts somatosensory info.
EX: Being able to recognize an object by touch
Disorders: Anoxeria, unilateral neglect, asterognosis
Sterognosis
ability to recognize by touch
Ex: penny in pocket
Patietemporal association cortex
abstract thought, reading, writing, mathematics, spatial perception
Parietal lobe cortexs
somatosensory cortex, somatosensory assocation area, parietemporal assocation area
Visual cortex
interprets meaning to visual info
hemianopsia
damage to one side of visual cortex
cortical blindness
damage to both sides of visual cortex
visual agnosia
person can see but can not recognize objects
Temporal lobe cortexs
auditory cortex, inferotemproal cortex
Auditory cortex
sound produced in this area
Wernick’s area
interprets language- written, verbal, sign language
Receptive aphasia
Can’t understand any language. Happens in left sided CVA’s
Inferotemproal cortex
recognation of faces, objects, colors. Damage here can cause propagnosia
Propagnosia
inability to recognize people you know. Can occur with Alzheimer’s disease.
What is the function of a cortex?
Interpert a sensation
Olfactory cortex
smell
Amygdala
involved with emotion- fear/anger
Hippocampus
learning, long term memory
Exercise causes hippocampus to…
grow
Stress causes hippocampus to
shrink
Anterograde amnesia
inability to form any new long term memories
Retrograde amnesia
inability to remember any previous long term memories
What does the cerebrum do
Largest part of brain. Areas within the cerebrum control muscle functions and also control speech, thought, emotions, reading, writing, and learning
