Ch 5: Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems Flashcards
Structures of the Heart
2 atrium, 2 ventricle, septum, bicuspid valve, tricuspid valve, coronary arteries and veins
Parts of blood
plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets
Different types of blood vessels
arteries (carry blood away), arterioles (maintain pressure), capillaries, venuoles, veins
What is plasma?
fluid that suspends the other parts of blood; liquid part of bloos
What are red blood cells?
make up 40% of normal blood, transports O2 and CO2, transport nutrients and waste
What is hemoglobin?
O2 and CO2 carrying protein found on red blood cells
What is iron?
mineral found in hemoglobin that attracts O2
What are Platelets?
part of blood that helps clot
What are white blood cells
protect the body against infection
What is the Vena Cava?
two large veins that carry deoxygenated blood from body to the right atrium of the heart
What are capillaries?
smallest blood vessels where gases exchange
what is the aorta?
largest artery and blood vessel in the body that carries oxygenated blood from the left ventricle of the heart to the body
What is lymph?
clear fluid fluid that fills the spaces around body cells
lymphocytes
specialized white blood cells that provide the body with immunity and protect the body against pathogens
What are B cells
lymphocyte that produces antibodies to pathogens; memory cells and plasma cells
What are memory cells
B cells that are activated if the body is exposed to the same pathogen a second time
What are plasma cells?
B cells that multiply when they come in contact with pathogen; produce antibodies that attack the pathogen
What are lymph nodes?
filters lymph and forms lymphocytes
What are Killer T cells?
T cells that stop the spread of diseases within the body by releasing toxins to destroy abnormal and infected cells
What are T cells?
lymphocyte produced and processed in the thymus gland; active part of the immune system
What is systemic circulation?
continuous circulation of blood from the heart, to the body, and back to the heart
What is pulmonary circulation?
continuous circulation of the blood from the heart, to the lungs, and back to the heart
What are pulmonary veins?
blood vessels that carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium of the heart
What are pulmonary arteries?
blood vessels that carry deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle of the heart to the lungs
What is the atrium?
a top chamber of the heart where blood flows into first
What is a ventricle?
a bottom chamber of the heart squeezes blood out of the heart
What is blood pressure? What is considered a normal BP?
the force of blood against the arterial walls. normal blood pressure is 120/80
What is systolic blood pressure?
maximum arterial pressure during contraction of the left ventricle of the heart, the top number of a BP measurement
What is diastolic blood pressure?
minimal arterial pressure during relaxation and dilatation of the ventricles of the heart when the ventricles fill with blood; the bottom number of a BP measurement
What is sphygmonamometer
instrument for measuring blood pressure
What are 5 health behaviors to prevent cardiovascular disease?
eat low sodium and low fat, exercises regularly, avoid smoking, avoid substance abuse, manage stress
What is cholesterol?
fatty substance that travels through blood
