CH 5 AP gov

Question 1

abolitionist

Answer 1

a person who favors the abolition of a practice or institution, especially capital punishment or (formerly) slavery

Question 2

affirmative action

Answer 2

the practice or policy of favoring individuals belonging to groups known to have been discriminated against previously

Question 3

Americans with disabilities act

Answer 3

The Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 is a civil rights law that prohibits discrimination based on disability

Question 4

brown v. board of education

Answer 4

Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, 347 U.S. 483, was a landmark decision of the U.S. Supreme Court in which the Court ruled that American state laws establishing racial segregation in public schools are unconstitutional, even if the segregated schools are otherwise equal in quality

Question 5

cesar chavez

Answer 5

Cesar Chavez was an American labor leader and civil rights activist who, with Dolores Huerta, co-founded the National Farm Workers Association in 1962

Question 6

civil rights

Answer 6

the rights of citizens to political and social freedom and equality

Question 7

Chinese exclusion act

Answer 7

The Chinese Exclusion Act was a United States federal law signed by President Chester A. Arthur on May 6, 1882, prohibiting all immigration of Chinese laborers

Question 8

civil right act of 1875

Answer 8

was a United States federal law enacted during the Reconstruction era in response to civil rights violations against African Americans, “to protect all citizens in their civil and legal rights”, giving them equal treatment

Question 9

civil rights act of 1964

Answer 9

The Civil Rights Act of 1964 is a landmark civil rights and labor law in the United States that outlaws discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin. It prohibits unequal application of voter registration requirements, and racial segregation in schools, employment, and public accommodations

Question 10

Dolores Huerta

Answer 10

Dolores Clara Fernández Huerta is an American labor leader and civil rights activist who, with Cesar Chavez, is a co-founder of the National Farmworkers Association, which later became the United Farm Workers

Question 11

Dred Scott v. Sandford

Answer 11

Dred Scott v. Sandford, 60 U.S. 393, was a landmark decision of the U.S. Supreme Court in which the Court held that the U.S. Constitution was not meant to include American citizenship for black people

Question 12

Dwight d. Eisenhower

Answer 12

an American army general and statesman who served as the 34th president of the United States from 1953 to 1961. During World War II, he was a five-star general in the United States Army and served as supreme commander of the Allied Expeditionary Forces in Europe

Question 13

Eleanor Roosevelt

Answer 13

an American political figure, diplomat and activist. She served as the First Lady of the United States from March 4, 1933 to April 12, 1945 during her husband President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s four terms in office, making her the longest serving First Lady of the United States

Question 14

Elizabeth Cady Stanton

Answer 14

Elizabeth Cady Stanton was an American suffragist, social activist, abolitionist, and leading figure of the early women’s rights movement

Question 15

Emancipation Proclamation

Answer 15

issued the Emancipation Proclamation on January 1, 1863, as the nation approached its third year of bloody civil war. The proclamation declared “that all persons held as slaves” within the rebellious states “are, and henceforward shall be free

Question 16

Equal pay act of 1963

Answer 16

is a United States labor law amending the Fair Labor Standards Act, aimed at abolishing wage disparity based on sex (see Gender pay gap)

Question 17

equal protection clause

Answer 17

The Equal Protection Clause is a clause within the text of the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution. The clause, which took effect in 1868, provides “nor shall any State […] deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws

Question 18

equal rights amendment

Answer 18

a proposed amendment to the US Constitution stating that civil rights may not be denied on the basis of one’s sex

Question 19

fifteenth amendment

Answer 19

The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude

Question 20

fourteenth amendment

Answer 20

The Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution was adopted on July 9, 1868, as one of the Reconstruction Amendments

Question 21

Fredrick Douglass

Answer 21

Frederick Douglass was an American social reformer, abolitionist, orator, writer, and statesman. After escaping from slavery in Maryland, he became a national leader of the abolitionist movement in Massachusetts and New York, gaining note for his oratory and incisive antislavery writings

Question 22

grandfather clause

Answer 22

a clause exempting certain classes of people or things from the requirements of a piece of legislation affecting their previous rights, privileges, or practices

Question 23

Harriet Tubman

Answer 23

Harriet Tubman was an American abolitionist and political activist. Born into slavery, Tubman escaped and subsequently made some thirteen missions to rescue approximately seventy enslaved people, family and friends, using the network of antislavery activists and safe houses known as the Underground Railroad

Question 24

Harry S Truman

Answer 24

Harry S. Truman was the 33rd president of the United States from 1945 to 1953, succeeding upon the death of Franklin D. Roosevelt after serving as vice president. He implemented the Marshall Plan to rebuild the economy of Western Europe, and established the Truman Doctrine and NATO

Question 25

intermediate standard of review

Answer 25

scrutiny may be contrasted with “strict scrutiny”, the higher standard of review that requires narrowly tailored and least restrictive means to further a compelling governmental interest, and “rational basis review”, a lower standard of review that requires the law or policy be rationally related to an

Question 26

Jim crow laws

Answer 26

were state and local laws that enforced racial segregation in the Southern United States. All were enacted in the late 19th and early 20th centuries by white Democratic-dominated state legislatures after the Reconstruction period. The laws were enforced until 1965

Question 27

John F. Kennedy

Answer 27

commonly referred to by his initials JFK, was an American politician and journalist who served as the 35th president of the United States from January 1961 until his assassination in November 1963

Question 28

Korematsu v. U.S.

Answer 28

was a landmark United States Supreme Court case concerning the constitutionality of Executive Order 9066, which ordered Japanese Americans into internment camps during World War II regardless of their citizenship

Question 29

Lawerence V. Texas

Answer 29

is a landmark civil rights case by the United States Supreme Court. The Court struck down the sodomy law in Texas in a 6–3 decision and, by extension, invalidated sodomy laws in 13 other states, making same-sex sexual activity legal in every U.S. state and territory

Question 30

league of united Latin american citizens

Answer 30

is the oldest surviving Latino civil rights organization in the U.S. It was established on February 17, 1929, in Corpus Christi, Texas, largely by Hispanic veterans of World War I who sought to end ethnic discrimination against Latinos in the United States

Question 31

LGBT community

Answer 31

also referred to as the gay community, is a loosely defined grouping of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, LGBT organizations, and subcultures, united by a common culture and social movements.

Question 32

Lucretia Mott

Answer 32

Lucretia Mott was a U.S. Quaker, abolitionist, women’s rights activist, and social reformer. She had formed the idea of reforming the position of women in society when she was amongst the women excluded from the World Anti-Slavery Convention in 1840

Question 33

Martin luther king jr.

Answer 33

Martin Luther King Jr. was an American Baptist minister and activist who became the most visible spokesperson and leader in the civil rights movement from 1955 until his assassination in 1968

Question 34

Mexican American legal defense and educational fund

Answer 34

The Mexican American Legal Defense and Educational Fund is a national non-profit civil rights organization formed in 1968 to protect the rights of Latinos in the United States.

Question 35

National association for the advancement of colored people

Answer 35

is a civil rights organization in the United States, formed in 1909 as a bi-racial endeavor to advance justice for African Americans by a group including W. E. B. Du Bois, Mary White Ovington and Moorfield Storey

Question 36

NAACP legal defense and educational fund

Answer 36

The NAACP Legal Defense and Educational Fund, Inc. is a leading United States civil rights organization and law firm based in New York City.

Question 37

National organization for organization for women

Answer 37

is an American feminist organization founded in 1966. The organization consists of 550 chapters in all 50 U.S. states and in Washington, D.C.

Question 38

National womans party

Answer 38

was an outgrowth of the Congressional Union for Woman Suffrage, which had been formed in 1913 by Alice Paul and Lucy Burns to fight for women’s suffrage

Question 39

nineteenth Amendment

Answer 39

The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of sex

Question 40

obergefell v. Hodges

Answer 40

is a landmark civil rights case in which the Supreme Court of the United States ruled that the fundamental right to marry is guaranteed to same-sex couples by both the Due Process Clause and the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution.

Question 41

plessy v. ferguson

Answer 41

163 U.S. 537 (1896), was a landmark decision of the U.S. Supreme Court issued in 1896. It upheld the constitutionality of racial segregation laws for public facilities as long as the segregated facilities were equal in quality – a doctrine that came to be known as “separate but equal”

Question 42

poll tax

Answer 42

a tax levied on every adult, without reference to income or resources

Question 43

progressive era

Answer 43

was a period of widespread social activism and political reform across the United States that spanned from the 1890s to the 1920s. The main objectives of the Progressive movement were eliminating problems caused by industrialization, urbanization, immigration, and political corruption

Question 44

rational basis standard of review

Answer 44

rational basis review is the normal standard of review that courts apply when considering constitutional questions, including due process or equal protection questions under the Fifth Amendment or Fourteenth Amendment

Question 45

rosa parks

Answer 45

Rosa Louise McCauley Parks was an American activist in the civil rights movement best known for her pivotal role in the Montgomery bus boycott. The United States Congress has called her “the first lady of civil rights” and “the mother of the freedom movement”

Question 46

seneca falls convention

Answer 46

The Seneca Falls Convention was the first women’s rights convention. It advertised itself as “a convention to discuss the social, civil, and religious condition and rights of woman”. Held in Seneca Falls, New York, it spanned two days over July 19–20, 1848.

Question 47

separate but equal doctrine

Answer 47

Separate but equal was a legal doctrine in United States constitutional law according to which racial segregation did not violate the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, which guaranteed “equal protection” under the law to all people

Question 48

standards of review

Answer 48

is the amount of deference given by one court (or some other appellate tribunal) in reviewing a decision of a lower court or tribunal. … The standard of review may be set by statute or precedent

Question 49

strict scrutiny

Answer 49

is a form of judicial review that courts use to determine the constitutionality of certain laws. … To pass strict scrutiny, the legislature must have passed the law to further a “compelling governmental interest,” and must have narrowly tailored the law to achieve that interest

Question 50

suffrage movement

Answer 50

The 19th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution granted American women the right to vote, a right known as women’s suffrage, and was ratified on August 18, 1920, ending almost a century of protest. In 1848 the movement for women’s rights launched on a national level with the Seneca …read more

Question 51

Susan B.Anthony

Answer 51

was an American social reformer and women’s rights activist who played a pivotal role in the women’s suffrage movement. Born into a Quaker family committed to social equality, she collected anti-slavery petitions at the age of 17

Question 52

suspect classification

Answer 52

refers to a characteristic used in applying a law, which a court will review subject to a strict scrutiny standard. A classification is called suspect because it is likely to be based on illegal discrimination. The clearest example of a suspect classification is race

Question 53

thirteenth amendment

Answer 53

The Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution abolished slavery and involuntary servitude, except as punishment for a crime. In Congress, it was passed by the Senate on April 8, 1864, and by the House on January 31, 1865. The amendment was ratified by the required number of states on December 6, 1865

Question 54

title IX

Answer 54

a federal civil rights law in the United States of America that was passed as part of the Education Amendments of 1972. This is Public Law No. 92‑318, 86 Stat. 235, codified at 20 U.S.C. §§ 1681–1688.

Question 55

thursgood marshall

Answer 55

an American lawyer, serving as Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States from October 1967 until October 1991. Marshall was the Court’s 96th justice and its first African-American justice

Question 56

united states v. windsor

Answer 56

is a landmark civil rights case in which the United States Supreme Court held that restricting U.S. federal interpretation of “marriage” and “spouse” to appl

Question 57

intermediate standard of review

Answer 57

scrutiny may be contrasted with “strict scrutiny”, the higher standard of review that requires narrowly tailored and least restrictive means to further a compelling governmental interest, and “rational basis review”, a lower standard of review that requires the law or policy be rationally related to an