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PCS 182 > Ch. 5 > Flashcards

Ch. 5 Flashcards

1
Q

Six key properties shared by most or all living organisms on Earth

A

Order, reproduction, growth and development, energy utilization, response to the environment, evolutionary adaption

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2
Q

Order

A

life tends to be non-random

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3
Q

Order is a necessary condition and not sufficient because

A

It’s found in non-living things

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4
Q

Reproduction

A

All life reproduces or is the product reproduction

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5
Q

Reproduction is a necessary condition and not sufficient because

A

Things can be bred that are sterile

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6
Q

Growth and development

A

Living things are hereditary. They pass traits from parent to offspring

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7
Q

Growth and development is a necessary condition and not sufficient because

A

Non living things experience growth and development

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8
Q

What allows heredity to direct the development of living things

A

DNA

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9
Q

Law 1 of thermodynamics

A

Any kind of energy can be turned into any other kind of energy

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10
Q

Law 2 of thermodynamics

A

There is always a cost to a change in energy form

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11
Q

Entropy

A

The amount of energy lost transferring from type to type

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12
Q

Energy Utilization

A

How living organisms counter the effects of entropy

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13
Q

Energy utilization is a necessary condition but not sufficient as

A

Non living things use energy

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14
Q

Environmental changes

A

Life interacts with its surroundings

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15
Q

Speciation

A

Interactions between organisms and their environments lead to evolutionary adaptions and leaving species better suited to their environments

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16
Q

Species

A

Organisms that share characteristics and are capable of interbreeding to produce fertile offspring

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17
Q

Evolutionary adaption

A

Life adapts to its changing environment and increases diversity

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18
Q

Not all living things adapt evolutionarily

A

Asexual organisms

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19
Q

Overproduction and competition for survival

A

Any localized population of a species produce far more offspring than the environment can support leads to competition for survival

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20
Q

Individual variation

A

No two individuals are exactly alike. Some organisms are better at collecting resources

21
Q

Conclusion of fact 1 and 2 of evolution

A

Organisms with heritable traits best enable them to survive reproduce and contribute more to successive generations

22
Q

Artificial selection

A

Humans choose which individuals contribute to the next generation

23
Q

Majority of organisms on earth are

A

Single celled

24
Q

Similarities between cells

A

All pass hereditary information via DNA, all have the same basic components, all life is made from roughly 20 elements

25
Q

What element is used as cellular building material

A

Carbon as can make long chains and strong double bonds

26
Q

Why is silicon not the building block of life

A

Weaker bonds than carbon, does not normally form double bonds, no mobility as it is not gaseous with oxygen

27
Q

Compounds of life

A

carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids, and water

28
Q

Common energy source and energy storage molecule for organisms

A

Carboyhdrates

29
Q

Store and provide energy but is also the foundation of the cell membrane

A

Fats

30
Q

Chains of amino acids

A

Protiens

31
Q

Types of protein

A

structural, enzymes, movers, signals

32
Q

Earth uses which form of chirality

A

L-arrangement

33
Q

Two forms of amino acids are called

A

Stereoisomers

34
Q

DNA

A

Deoxyribonucleic acid passes hereditary information and instructions for making proteins

35
Q

RNA

A

Ribonucleic acid instructions for making proteins

36
Q

3 groupings of life

A

Super kingdoms Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya

37
Q

Eukarya

A

All large, multicellular organisms

38
Q

True diversity of life is almost entirely found in what realm

A

Microscopic

39
Q

Life’s basic requirements

A

Chemicals or nutrients, energy, genetic code

40
Q

ATP

A

Adenosine triphosphate is the basic energy currency inside the cell

41
Q

Heterotrophs

A

Organisms that consume other substances for carbon and energy

42
Q

Autotrophs

A

Organisms that obtain carbon from their environment

43
Q

Energy comes from 2 sources

A

Photo and Chemo

44
Q

Photo

A

Organisms that get energy from photosynthesis

45
Q

Chemo

A

Organic compounds come from organisms they have consumed

46
Q

Water plays what roles for metabolism

A

Allows chemicals to float within the cell, transport chemicals within cells and get rid of waste, necessary for reactions that store and release energy

47
Q

AGTC in DNA stands for what respectively?

A

Adenine, guanine, thymine, cytosine

48
Q

What are the pairs in DNA?

A

TA CG

49
Q

Mutation

A

The agent of evolution and change of molecular machinery

PCS 182 (6 decks)

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