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Diagnostic imaging > Ch 5-7 > Flashcards

Ch 5-7 Flashcards

1
Q

The main objective of all imaging systems is to:

A

Demonstrate differences in tissue density

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2
Q

Every radiography generator has kV, mAs, and time; the following statement is true:

A

These must be calibrated correctly so that 70 kV is 70 kV on every unit.

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3
Q

Film fog is a plus density artifact on an image; the following statement is true:

A

It may be caused by light leaks in the darkroom.

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4
Q

Base + fog, which is an inherent part of the exposure:

A

Must always be included as part of the exposure

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5
Q

The expiration date on the film box:

A

Is a critical piece of information when the box of film is used

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6
Q

Radiographic contrast is part of the image controlled by:

A

Grids, anode heel effect, and technical factors

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7
Q

Subject contrast is part of the image controlled by the patient thickness. (T/F)

A

true

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8
Q

The inverse square law is particularly important in:

A

The distance measured in equine radiography

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9
Q

Kilovoltage is primarily responsible for:

A

The hardness of the x-ray beam and its penetration

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10
Q

The 15% rule is primarily used:

A

When the contrast on the image needs to be enhanced

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11
Q

If the original kV is 80 (we will increase the kV), the 15% rule calculation yields the following value

A

92 `

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12
Q

Milliamperage is responsible for the intensity of the radiation, which:

A

Translates to the density on the image

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13
Q

The three rules of using a technique chart correctly include:

A

Positioning on the table, measuring, and centering the central ray

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14
Q

If the images are consistently dull and gray, the first check should be made in the:

A

The darkroom to ensure that there are no light leaks

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15
Q

The radiography log book is a record of exposures; the following statement is true:

A

It is also a legal necessity and maintains a record of technical factors

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16
Q

The description of the central ray includes:

A

A primary beam projected at 90 degrees to the angle of the anode

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17
Q

Distortion concerns the angulation of the patient:

A

d. In order to project one body part away from obscuring the region of interest

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18
Q

Blur is the intentional movement of one body part to allow the underlying anatomy to be visible. (T/F)

A

true

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19
Q

Motion degrades the image:

A

a. Because it detracts from resolution

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20
Q

Useful distortion is used to:

A

b. Project one body part out of the way of the region of interest

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21
Q

Magnification is ______ if the body part is moved ________ the image receptor.

A

a. decreased, closer to

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22
Q

The source image distance (SID) is the measurement:

A

c. From the tube to the image receptor

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23
Q

The object image distance is a factor in:

A

magnification

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24
Q

To determine the size of an object within the patient, one must measure:

A

b. The distance of the object from the tabletop using the lateral view

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25
Q

Inherent filtration includes the:

A

c. Glass envelope of the x-ray tube and the oil within the tube

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26
Q

Federal law dictates that filtration must be added to equal:

A

a. 2.5 mm at 70 kV

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27
Q

A collimator is located beneath the x-ray tube to:

A

d. Provide a light source outlining the area of interest

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28
Q

A secondary function of the collimator is to:

A

. Narrow the size of the field of view and reduce scattered radiation

29
Q

Collimation correctly applied will __________ contrast ______________.

A

enhance, by decreasing scatter

30
Q

Collimation correctly applied will __________ patient dose ______________.

A

reduce, by decreasing scatter

31
Q

Collimation correctly applied will __________ density ______________.

A

decrease, by decreasing scatter

32
Q

Off-focus radiation is produced:

A

By the photon stream outside of the actual focal spot

33
Q

An illuminator should be mounted:

A

In an area where the lights may be dimmed to enhance the image

34
Q

The fluorescent tubes within the illuminator must be:

A

Daylight or a very pale blue tone

35
Q

The main purpose of a grid is to:

A

The height of the lead strips compared with the distance between them

36
Q

Grid ratio describes:

A

The height of the lead strips compared with the distance between them

37
Q

An installed grid is positioned beneath the patient:

A

Above the cassette and beneath the tabletop

38
Q

The focused grid is positioned ________ and at a _________distance from the tube.

A

in the center of the table, prescribed

39
Q

A grid whose focal length is 34 to 44 inches will cause:

A

Grid cutoff if the tube is set at 72 inches

40
Q

The temperature of the darkroom should be ______; the humidity should be _______.

A

68° F (20° C), 40% to 60%

41
Q

If the radiography room doubles as a darkroom, cassettes and film should be stored:

A

In a metal film bin out of the way of scattered radiation

42
Q

The darkroom should be painted using ______. The safelight should be mounted ________ feet (_____ meters) above the counter.

A

c. light-reflective paint, 4, 1.22

43
Q

The information on the ID label must include which of the following?

A

. Patient’s name, clinic address, and date

44
Q

Automatic processing a film requires four separate steps. Which of the following lists the correct order?

A

. Develop, fix, wash, dry

45
Q

The two main components of the developer are:

A

Hydroquinone and phenidone

46
Q

The purpose of the developer is to:

A

Reduce the silver halide in the film emulsion to metallic silver

47
Q

A second purpose of the developer is to:

A

Amplify the amount of metallic silver on the film

48
Q

One of the components of the developer is to reduce its activity; this is:

A

Potassium bromide

49
Q

The main function of the hydroquinone is to:

A

Build up the blacks and enhance the contrast

50
Q

The main function of the fixer is to:

A

Remove unexposed silver halide from the film base

51
Q

The main component of the fixer is:

A

Ammonium thiosulfate

52
Q

Developer is chemically _________; fixer is highly ___________.

A

alkaline, acidic

53
Q

The main purpose of the wash water is to:

A

Remove the leftover chemicals from the film to preserve archival quality

54
Q

Drying should remove about ________ of the moisture from the film.

A

c. 85% to 90%

55
Q

Two of the systems of the automatic processor are _______ and _______.

A

replenishment, recirculation

56
Q

Every time a roller comes into contact with the film emulsion:

A

It has the potential to imprint an artifact on the image

57
Q

Once the film is placed on the feed tray and enters the rollers:

A

It must not be drawn back onto the feed tray

58
Q

The transport system of the processor:

A

Carries the films through the tanks by a series of rollers and gears

59
Q

The developer chemicals are replenished with ___________ chemicals in comparison with the fixer.

A

less

60
Q

The fixer requires _________ replenisher because it contains ____________.

A

more, developer

61
Q

The most typical silver recovery unit in a veterinary clinic is the:

A

electrolytic model

62
Q

A test to determine whether the silver recovery unit needs to be replaced is:

A

placing copper in the outflow, silver will plate out on copper

63
Q

A large percentage of artifacts are caused by which of the following reasons when processing the film?

A

most of them are caused in the developer tank

64
Q

Dichroic fog is caused by:

A

fixer leaking back into the developer

65
Q

Pi lines are caused in the processor by a swelling of a roller. They are:

A

Called this because the separation of the artifact is the circumference of the rollers

66
Q

Developer under replenishment causes the film:

A

To have a gray, washed-out appearance due to exhaustion of hydroquinone

67
Q

Overheating the developer will cause it to ___________ and turn ____________.

A

a. exhaust quickly, dark brown

68
Q

If the fixer is overconcentrated, it will:

A

Precipitate onto the tank and cause grainy images

69
Q

. Crease artifacts on the film are the result of:

A

Incorrect handling before or after exposure

Diagnostic imaging (3 decks)

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