Ch. 5 Flashcards
Observable Motor Behavior Requires
Nervous System
Musculoskeletal system
Sensory System
Nervous System
Plan of action
Control of skeletal muscles
Musculoskeletal System
Execution of the movement
Ongoing control of the action plan (some relation to sensory system)
Sensory System
Provides information to the CNS
Feedback
Motor Control
Distributed through the CNS (NOT only the brain)
Neural task centers
Neural Task Centers
areas of the CNS that have specific functions during planning/execution of a task
Functional Neural Task Centers
Limbic system
Association cortex
Projection system
Spinal System
Limbic System
the decision to act
Association cortex
What to do (the general plan)
Projection system
How to do (adds the details)
Spinal system
Execution (final details, control, modification)
The Limbic System
Initiates the decision to act: decision triggers subsequent events in the planning process
Involved in emotion, motivation, and learning
Includes the thalamus, hypothalamus, amygdule, septal area, and hippocampus
System receives and analyzes information: analysis is dependent upon memory
The Association Cortex
Develops the general plan of action
Includes portions of the frontal, parietal and temporal lobes (wide distribution)
Receives partially processed sensory information from other areas of the CNS (processing continues)
Identifies, selects, and combines meaningful information for distribution to higher cortical levels
The Association Cortex Cont.
The quality of the general plan is influenced by previous experience and the initial evaluation of the situation
Neural pathways connect the limbic system and the association cortex: function cooperatively to guide goal-directed behavior
The Projection System
Adds details to the general plan
Provides detailed motor and sensory information to match the goal of the movement and the environmental demands
Includes the basal ganglia, the cerebellum, and the motor cortex
Basal Ganglia
Located in the midbrain
Relay station for motor impulses passing from cortex to the brain stem/spinal cord
Modifies pattern of these motor impulses (thereby control various activities)
Responsible for scaling of movement parameters
The Cerebellum
Located in occipital lobes; posterior to the brain stem
Communicates with other parts of CNS
Compares arriving sensory information with information being sent out from the cortex/projection system
Error detection and correction
Cerebellum Communcates with
other parts of the CNS through peduncles (nerve tracts)
superior
middle
inferior
The Cerebellum (Cont.)
Receives sensory info concerning the position of the body parts (inferior peduncles)
Receives signals from the cortex and intended position of the body (middle peduncles)
After integrating/analyzing this information, the cerebellum sends correcting info to the midbrain (superior peduncles)
-The corrections are incorporated into motor impulses traveling downward through the brainstem/spinal cord to move the body in the intended way
The Motor Cortex
Involved in the production of fine motor skills; not all skills
Helps regulated muscular force during movement
Primary Motor Cortex (M1)
Actual execution of movements and control of speed and force in contracting muscles
Supplementary Motor Cortex (SMA)
Preparation of internally generated movements
Premotor Cortex (PMA)
Advanced planning and coordination of complex bilateral movement sequences
Corticospinal Tract (CST)
CST fibers orientate at M1, with some originating in SMA, PMA, and sensory cortex
The uninterrupted pathway synapse in the spinal cord
CST has large-diamtere axons, most are myelinated. This guarantees that information reaches its destination fast
Functions: controls fine movements and modulates the flow of sensory information being conveyed by the somatosensory pathways