Ch. 5 & 6 Concepts Flashcards
s orbital
sets of 1, spheres
p orbital
sets of 3, dumbbell
d orbital
sets of 5, clover (2 dumbbells criss-crossed)
f orbital
sets of 7, wacky shape
How many electrons can one shape of an orbital hold?
2
Cu electron configuration
[Ar] 4s^1 3d^10
Cr electron configuration
[Ar] 4s^1 3d^5
What ions do alkali metals form?
+1 ion (valence electron of 1, so they need to lose an electron to become isoelectronic to a noble gas which is more stable)
What ions do alkaline earth metals form?
+2 ion (valence electron of 2, so they need to lose 2 electrons to become isoelectronic to a noble gas which is more stable)
Ionization energy
The energy needed to remove a valence electron from an atom
electronegativity
a measure of how much an atom hogs an electron when it is chemically bound to other atoms
What looks like it should be a metalloid based on the periodic table but isn’t?
aluminum (metal)
Is helium a metal?
No, nonmetal/noble gas
When a metal is highly reactive it ______ electrons
loses
When a nonmetal is highly reactive it _____ electrons
gains
If first nonmetal/metal is more reactive than the second, will a reaction occur?
yes
Zeff
the actual pull from the nucleus felt by valence electrons (Zeff = # of protons - # of shielding electrons)
Group 1 Zeff
1
Group 2 Zeff
2
Group 13 Zeff
3
Group 14 Zeff
4
Group 15 Zeff
5
Group 16 Zeff
6
Group 17 Zeff
7
Group 18 Zeff
8 (helium has Zeff of 2)
