Ch. 4b

Question 1

Make sure to study the essays and figures above for the quiz?

Answer 1

THEY WILL BE ON THE TEST

Question 2

What are the 2 main problems or drawbacks of anaerobic respiration?

Answer 2

1) You only earn 2 ATP molecules per sugar molecule

2) Build up lactic acid in muscles (burning sensation)

Question 3

Are you burning sugar aerobically or anaerobically right now?

Answer 3

When at rest, you are burning sugar aerobically.

Question 4

What is the only form of energy that the cells can directly use for cellular work?

Answer 4

ATP is a form of energy that cells can use to do work.

Question 5

What is the abbreviation of Adenine Triphosphate?

Answer 5

ATP

Question 6

What happens to ATP when its used for cellular work?

Answer 6

One of the phosphates comes off making the ATP into ADP (Diphosphate=2 Phosphate).

Question 7

How are the phosphates of ATP reattached to the ADP after they are removed?

Answer 7

When food is broken down, the phosphate is reattached, energy is stored, and ATP is ready to do cellular work.

Question 8

What is C6H12O6?

Answer 8

Glucose (Sugar)

Question 9

After aerobic respiration is not possible, how do human muscles continue to generate ATP when running?

Answer 9

To keep running, your muscles must generate ATP by the anaerobic process fermentation; the production of lactic acid is fermentation in humans and other mammals.

Question 10

When sugar is broken down, what happen to the energy that was in the sugar?

Answer 10

When sugar is broken down, the energy in the molecule’s bonds are converted into ATP energy.

Question 11

What is the main benefit of aerobic respiration?

Answer 11

You earn 32 ATP molecules per sugar molecule.

Question 12

What is the overall reaction for respiration?

Answer 12

Glucose + Oxygen —-> Carbon Dioxide + Water + Energy

Question 13

Where in the cell does aerobic respiration occur?

Answer 13

Aerobic respiration occurs in the mitochondria and requires oxygen (called Kreb’s cycle and Electron Transport System).

Question 14

Microorganism’s (like yeast) carry out fermentation in the same way as human muscles do T/F?

Answer 14

False: Yeast cells carry out slightly different type of fermentation pathway.

Question 15

Cellular respiration and breathing have nothing to do with each other T/F?

Answer 15

False: Cellular respiration and breathing are closely related.

Question 16

How are cellular respiration and breathing related?

Answer 16

Cellular respiration requires a cell to exchange gases with its surroundings. Breathing exchanges these gases between the blood and outside air.

Question 17

What is the main benefit if anaerobic respiration?

Answer 17

You don’t need oxygen to get your energy.

Question 18

What is the main problem or drawbacks of aerobic respiration?

Answer 18

You have to have oxygen in your cells.

Question 19

How is fermentation in yeast cells different from fermentation in human muscles?

Answer 19

Yeast cells carry out a slightly different type of fermentation pathway. Your muscles must generate ATP by the anaerobic process of fermentation; the production of lactic acid is fermentation in humans and other mammals.

Question 20

What are the two basic forms of respiration?

Answer 20

*Aerobic and anaerobic.

Question 21

Where in the cell does anaerobic respiration occur?

Answer 21

Anaerobic respiration occurs in the cytoplasm= of cells and does not require oxygen (called glycolysis= sugar splitting)

Question 22

What does aerobic respiration require that is not necessary for anaerobic respiration?

Answer 22

Aerobic respiration requires oxygen while anaerobic respiration does not require oxygen.

Question 23

What are the 2 main by products of microorganism’s fermentation?

Answer 23

This pathway produces CO2 and ethyl alcohol.

Question 24

What does aerobic mean?

Answer 24

Relating to, involving, or requiring oxygen.

Question 25

What is the breakdown of large food molecules to produce ATP energy?

Answer 25

When food is broken down, the phosphate is reattached, energy is stored, and ATP is ready to do cellular work.

Question 26

What does glycolysis mean (literally what do the two parts of the word mean)?

Answer 26

``` Glycolysis= sugar splitting Glyco= relating to or producing sugar. Lysis= the disintegration of a cell by rupture of the cell wall or membrane. ```

Question 27

What molecules are broken down in order to produce ATP?

Answer 27

The by products of the reaction are CO2 and H2O.

Question 28

What molecule is the energy that does all of the cellular work in the body?

Answer 28

A common fuel molecule for cellular respiration is glucose.

Question 29

What are the two pathways for sugar molecules depending on oxygen?

Answer 29

Aerobic and anaerobic.

Question 30

Where (in the cell) does anaerobic respiration occur?

Answer 30

Anaerobic respiration occurs in the cytoplasm of cells.

Question 31

Where (in the cell) does aerobic respiration occur?

Answer 31

Aerobic respiration occurs in the mitochondria.

Question 32

Where (in the cell) does glycolysis occur?

Answer 32

Glycolysis takes place in the cytoplasm.

Question 33

The first step of glycolysis is when the 6 carbon glucoses is broken down into?...

Answer 33

The 6 carbon glucose is broken down into two 3 carbon molecules called pyruvate.

Question 34

How many ATP molecules are produced during glycolysis?

Answer 34

2 ATP molecules are produced.

Question 35

What hydrogen carrier is produced during glycolysis?

Answer 35

2 NADH’s are produced to carry hydrogen.

Question 36

Oxygen is a necessary component of glycolysis T/F

Answer 36

False: Oxygen is not needed for glycolysis.

Question 37

At the beginning of the Krebs cycle what is pyruvic acid turned into?

Answer 37

In the Kreb’s cycle, pyruvic acid from glycolysis is first “prepped” into a usable form, Acetyl-COA.

Question 38

Where does pyruvate go if there is plenty of oxygen in the cell?

Answer 38

*Mitochondria (Kreb’s Cycle)

Question 39

In what form (molecule) are all of the carbon atoms from the glucose removed?

Answer 39

One carbon atom is removed (as CO2), the pyruvate becomes the 2-carbon acetyl-COA, and NADH is formed to carry hydrogen atoms.

Question 40

What two types of hydrogen carriers are produced during the Krebs cycle?

Answer 40

NADH is formed to carry hydrogen atoms.

Question 41

How much ATP Is formed during the Krebs cycle

Answer 41

One molecule of ATP is formed.

Question 42

The most important function of the Krebs cycle is to produce ATP T/F?

Answer 42

True: The most important function of the Krebs cycle is to produce ATP.

Question 43

The most important function of the Krebs cycle is to produce hydrogen carriers that will be used during the ETS T/F

Answer 43

False

Question 44

The by product (waste) of the Krebs cycle is?

Answer 44

CO2 (Carbon Dioxide) molecules are given off as waste gas in the Krebs cycle.

Question 45

Where does all of the energy that was in glucose go during the Krebs cycle?

Answer 45

Pyruvate (Pyruvic acid) enters the mitochondria. Fadh and nadh2*

Question 46

During what process is most of the ATP in a cell made ?

Answer 46

Most of the ATP in a cell is made during ETS.

Question 47

What two things do NADH and FADH2 drop off when they reach the ETS?

Answer 47

All of theNADH and FADH2 reach the ETS and dump the hydrogen they are carrying Hydrogen & Electrons

Question 48

As electrons move through the ETS what do they dump to the outside of the membrane?

Answer 48

The moving electrons move free hydrogens.

Question 49

When hydrogen ions move back into the mitochondria what do they produce?

Answer 49

As the hydrogens move back through the membrane, 32 ATP’s (per original glucose) form. ATP*

Question 50

Where do the moving electrons and free hydrogens end up at the end of ETS?

Answer 50

The moving electrons and free hydrogens end up bonding with oxygen (that you breath) to form water.

Question 51

Why do we need to breath oxygen (Think about ETS)?

Answer 51

To form water.