Ch 49 - Oxygenation

Question 1

what controls rate & depth of respirations?

Answer 1

neural and chemical regulators

Question 2

what are the 7 major functions of the respiratory system?

Answer 2

• supply O2
• remove CO2
• maintain acid base balance of arterial blood
• maintain heat exchange (via exhalation)
• protect against inhale irritants (mucous/cilia)
• houses cells that detect smell (olfactory nerve)
• assist in production of sound/speech

Question 3

upper respiratory tract

Answer 3

nose, pharynx, larynx

Question 4

lower respiratory tract

Answer 4

trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, lungs

Question 5

respiratory physiology phases (4)

Answer 5

1. pulmonary ventilation
2. alveolar gas exchange
3. O2/CO2 transport
4. systemic diffusion

Question 6

what is the normal stimulus to breathe?

Answer 6

> CO2 (hypercapnia)

Question 7

what is COPD stimulus to breathe?

Answer 7

< O2 (hypoxemia)

they are CO2 retainers, so it is desensitized and responds to O2 levels

Question 8

hypoventilation causes CO2 levels to _____

pH =
CO2 =
overall =

Answer 8

hypoventilation = increase CO2

pH < 7.35
CO2 > 28

respiratory acidosis

d/t: COPD, pneumonia, sleep apnea

Question 9

hyperventilation causes CO2 levels to _____

pH =
CO2 =
overall =

d/t ?

Answer 9

hyperventilation = decrease CO2

pH > 7.45
CO2 < 22

respiratory alkalosis

d/t: pain, fever, infection, panic attack

Question 10

SPO2 range for COPD patient

Answer 10

88 - 91 %

Question 11

what priorities are the lowest for a patient?

Answer 11

education

“risk for” (they don’t actually have a problem)

“chronic” (they’ve always had it, not an immediate issue)