Ch. 49 Key Terms

Question 1

the ventricles of the heart come to a point called the apex; normally the apex is directed toward the left hip

Answer 1

apex

Question 2

the portion of the cerebral ventricular system where the lateral lobes, temporal lobes, and occipital lobes connect; located posterior and lateral to the thalami

Answer 2

atrium of the lateral ventricles

Question 3

indicates that the fetal head is toward the fundus of the uterus

Answer 3

breech

Question 4

a cavity within the septum pellucidum in the anterior midportion of the fetal brain

Answer 4

cavum septum pellucidum

Question 5

echogenic tissue within the lateral ventricles that produces central nervous system fluid and is seen prominently during second-trimester fetal sonography

Answer 5

choroid plexus

Question 6

a posterior fossa cistern that contains cerebrospinal fluid

Answer 6

cisterna magna

Question 7

a narrow band of compact tissue forming a solid covering over the roof of the third ventricle and connecting the hemispheres of the brain

Answer 7

corpus callosum

Question 8

structure that carries oxygenated blood from the pulmonary artery to the descending aorta

Answer 8

ductus arteriosus

Question 9

structure that carries oxygenated blood from the umbilical vein to the inferior vena cava

Answer 9

ductus venosus

Question 10

an echo within a fetal heart chamber that is as bright (echogenic) as bone and persists despite changes in the sonographic plane

Answer 10

echogenic intracardiac focus (EIF)

Question 11

protrusion or bulging of the forehead

Answer 11

frontal bossing

Question 12

adjusting an individual patient’s risk assessment for aneuploidy based on the presence or absence of sonographic markers

Answer 12

genetic sonogram

Question 13

increased echogenicity of the bowel associated with aneuploidy risk and fetal pathology

Answer 13

hyperechoic bowel

Question 14

the largest portion of the ventricular system in the fetal cranium

Answer 14

lateral ventricles

Question 15

the probability that a fetus exhibiting a specific finding will be affected by a specific condition; likelihood ratios in pregnancy are typically used to predict risk for aneuploidy

Answer 15

likelihood ratio

Question 16

a large tongue seen persistently extending outside of the fetal mouth

Answer 16

macroglossia

Question 17

abnormally small chin

Answer 17

micrognathia

Question 18

linear echoes located centrally in the fetal head that are produced by the borders of the opposing cerebral hemispheres

Answer 18

midline echo (the falx)

Question 19

written representation by graphs, diagrams, or charts of the relationship between numeric variables

Answer 19

nomogram

Question 20

typical position of the abdominal organs with the liver and inferior vena cava on the right, the stomach on the left, and the apex of the heart directed toward the left

Answer 20

normal situs

Question 21

the thickness of fetal skin at the back of the fetal neck that may be visualized and measured between 16 and 20 weeks’ gestational age to assess aneuploidy risk

Answer 21

nuchal skin fold

Question 22

mild dilation of the renal pelvis

Answer 22

pyelectasis

Question 23

indicates that the fetus is lying transversely in the uterus, horizontally, or perpendicular to the maternal sagittal axis

Answer 23

transverse fetal lie

Question 24

enlargement of the cerebral ventricles

Answer 24

ventriculomegaly

Question 25

indicates that the fetus is positioned head down in the uterus

Answer 25

vertex