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Nur 365: Med Surg > Ch 49 > Flashcards

Ch 49 Flashcards

1
Q

The upper urinary system consists of _ kidneys and _ ureters

A

2

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2
Q

The lower urinary system consists of a _____ and ______

A

urinary bladder and urethra

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3
Q

The two primary functions of the kidneys are to

A

regulate the volume and composition of extracellular fluid and excrete waste products from the body

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4
Q

Which structure is the functional unit of the kidney?

A

nephron

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5
Q

Which structure is where blood is filtered?

A

glomerulus

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6
Q

The glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is

A

the amount of blood filtered each minute by the glomeruli

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7
Q

What is the normal GFR? (mL/min)

A

125

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8
Q

The kidneys participate in the production of _______ and regulation of _______

A

red blood cell and Blood pressure

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9
Q

Ureters function

A

carry urine from the renal pelvis to the bladder

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10
Q

Urethra’s primary functions

A

control voiding and serve as a conduit for urine from the bladder to the outside of the body during voiding

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11
Q

Which drug turns urine orange?

A

Phenazopyridine (Pyridium)W

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12
Q

Which drug turns the urine dark yellow to brown

A

Nitrofurantoin

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13
Q

What drug class causes hematuria?

A

anticoagulants

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14
Q

What are two disorder that are genetic disorders?

A

Polycystic kidney disease and congenital urinary tract abnormalities

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15
Q

What is a urinalysis

A

It is one of the first studies to evaluate disorders of the urinary tract

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16
Q

How does a creatinine clearance work?

A

it is a 24 hour specimen
Discard 1st urination when test is started
Save urine from all subsequent urinations for 24 hours
Have patient urinate at end of 24 hr and add specimen to collection
Measure serum creatinine in a 24 hr period

17
Q

What is the normal levels of creatinine clearance in males and females? (mL/min/1.73 m^2)

A

males: 107-139
females: 87-107

18
Q

What is the significance of a Blood urea nitrogen (BUN)?

A

used to detect renal problems
*concentration of urea in blood is regulated by rate at which kidney excretes urea.
(nonrenal factors may increase BUN (e.g., cell destruction from infections, fever, GI bleeding, trauma, athletic activity, excessive muscle breakdown))

19
Q

What is the normal level for BUN? (mg/dL)

A

10-20 mg/dL
(3.6-7.1 mmol/L)

20
Q

What is a cystoscopy?

A

inspects interior of urinary bladder with a tubular lighted scope (cystoscope).

21
Q

What is a computed tomography (CT) scan?

A

visualizes kidneys, ureters, and bladder.
it can detect tumors, abscesses, suprarenal masses (adrenal tumors), and obstructions.
Done with or without contrast media (iodine based).

22
Q

What is a cystogram?

A

visualizes bladder and evaluates vesicoureteral reflex.
-evaluates patients with neurogenic bladder and recurrent UTIs

23
Q

What is a intravenous pyelogram?

A

visualizes urinary tract after IVB injection of contrast media.
-evaluates size and shape of kidneys, ureters, and bladder

24
Q

What is kidneys, ureters, bladder (KUB) test?

A

x-ray examination of abdomen and pelvis
-delineates size, shape, and position of kidneys, ureter, and bladder

25
Q

What is a loopogram?

A

Detects obstructions, anastomotic leaks, stones, and reflux when patient has a urinary pouch or ileal conduit.

26
Q

What is a magnetic resonance angiography?

A

visualizes renal vasculature

27
Q

What is magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)?

A

Visualizes kidneys

28
Q

What is a nephrostogram?

A

Evaluates upper urinary tract when patient has allergy to contrast media, decreased renal function, or abnormalities that prevent passage of a ureteral catheter

29
Q

What is a renal arteriogram?

A

visualizes renal blood vessels

30
Q

What is the normal specific gravity of urine?

A

1.005-1.030

Nur 365: Med Surg (3 decks)

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