Ch. 47 - Organization of Endocrine Control Flashcards
What is the goal of aldosterone?
To be secreted to regulate Na+ absorption
What is the function of renin?
Main stimulating component fro aldosterone release
Describe the relationship between insulin and glycine.
- Increased glycine leads to insulin secretion
2. As insulin is secreted, glycine renormalizes
What feedback mechanism can be used to describe thyroid hormone?
Negative Feedback
What feedback mechanism can be used to describe parathyroid hormone (PTH)?
Positive Feedback
Adenoma
benign tumors that do not metastasize; cause hormones to be unregulated
Adenocarcinoma
tumors that can metastasize; does not secrete hormones
What are the two major concepts involving intercellular signaling by hormones?
- Space and Distance
2. Time and Duration
Endocrine Signaling
signaling between two cells who are far away
Paracrine Signaling
signaling between two neighboring cells
Autocrine Signaling
signaling that occurs when a cell contains that receptor needed for a ligand that the same cell secretes
Ligand
Any molecule that binds to a hormone receptor
Agonist
A hormone or synthetic ligand that activates hormone receptor function and signal transduction
Antagonist
A naturally occuring or synthetic ligand that prevents hormone receptor activation and signal transduction
EC50
the concentration of a drug that gives half-maximal response
IC50
the concentration of an inhibitor at which the response (or binding) is reduced by half
K_D
the concentration at which 50% of binding sites (receptors) are occupied by a drug or hormone
Affinity
the likelihood that a ligand will bind the receptor; 1/K_D
K_D Equation
K_D = [R] + [D] / [RD]
Law of Mass Action
the more hormone you have, the more engagement you have UNTIL you reach your maximum
Describe the structure of steroid hormones.
cholesterol-based
Describe the structure of amino acid-derived hormones.
amino acid based
What determines the biological response from a peptide hormone?
the receptor in target tissue
What percentage of our genome is made up of GPCR?
50%
Why is DAG release delayed?
PKC has to be activated and relocated
Where is the receptor for steroid hormones and thyroid hormone found?
in the cell (cytoplasm or nucleus)
Non-genomic effects
doesn’t have to go into the nucleus to modulate DNA
Genomic effects
must go into the nucleus to modulate DNA
What is the function of the hypothalamus as it relates to the anterior pituitary gland?
to secrete the release hormone into the hypophyseal portal system
What is the function of anterior pituitary gland?
to secrete the stimulating hormone that activates trophic cells to release different hormones
What is the function of the hypothalamus as it relates to the posterior pituitary gland?
to create AVP and OT
What is the function of posterior pituitary gland?
to secrete AVP and OT into the blood stream