Ch. 46 Notes

Question 1

What is the treatment for soft tissue injuries?

Answer 1

RICE:
Rest
Ice 
Compression
Elevation

Question 2

What is a strain?

Answer 2

Soft tissue injury

Occurs when a muscle or tendon is excessively stretched

Question 3

What does a mild strain cause?

Answer 3

Minimal inflammation
Sweeling
Tenderness

Question 4

What does a moderate strain cause?

Answer 4

Partial tearing of the muscle or tendon fibers
Pain
Inability to move body part

Question 5

What happens in the case of the most severe strain?

Answer 5

Muscle or tendon is ruptured with seperation of muscle form muscle, tendon from muscle, or tendon from bone
Severe pain
Disability

Question 6

What is a sprain?

Answer 6

An excessive stretching of 1 or more ligaments that ususlaly results from a twisting motion

Question 7

What does a mild sprain involeve?

Answer 7

Tearing of just a few ligamnets fibers

Tenderness

Question 8

What does a moderate sprain involve?

Answer 8

MOre fibers are torn

Disconfort with activity

Question 9

What does a severe sprain involve?

Answer 9

Instability of the joint
Requires surgery
Pain
Inflammation

Question 10

What is a dislocation?

Answer 10

common injury where the endsof bones are forced out of normal position

Question 11

S&S of dislocation

Answer 11

Severe pain

Lost ROM

Question 12

Treatment of dislocation

Answer 12

Splint extremity immediately
Ice
Seek help
Do not move extremity

Question 13

S&S of bursitiis

Answer 13

Achy pain
Stiffness
Burning pain (worsens with activity)

Question 14

What is carpal tunnel syndrome?

Answer 14

Compression of the median nerve within the carpal tunnel when swelling occurs

Question 15

What is carpal tunnel caused from?

Answer 15

Swelling from edema, trauma, RA, or RMIs

Question 16

S&S of carpal tunnel syndrome

Answer 16

Pain
Numbness
Painful tingling
Parestheisas
Fine motor deficits
Muscle weakness

Question 17

Treatment of carpal tunnel syndrome

Answer 17

Splint
Meds (asprine, NSAIDs, cortisone)
Surgery may be needed

Question 18

NI’s for carpal tunnel syndrome

Answer 18

Education on prevention (short breaks)
Provide analgesic as provided
Routine pre-op and post-op
Pre-op: elevate hand and splint
Teach to report S&S of neruovascular compromise
Assist with ADLs

Question 19

S&S of neurovascular compromise

Answer 19

Numbness
Tiingling
Coolness
Lack of pulse
Pale skin & nailbeds
Limited movement

Question 20

What is a fracture?

Answer 20

Break in a bone

Question 21

Avulsion

Answer 21

Pice of bone is torn away from the main bone while still attatched to a ligament/tendon

Question 22

Comminuted fracture

Answer 22

Bone is splintered/shattered into lots of fragemetns

Question 23

Impacted fracture

Answer 23

Bone is forced to be pushed together; boone pushed into bone

Question 24

Greenstick fracture

Answer 24

Bone is bent and fractures on the outer arc of bend

Question 25

Interarticular fracture

Answer 25

Involves bone within a joint

Question 26

Displaced fracture

Answer 26

Bone pieces are out of alighment

Question 27

Pathological (neoplastic) fracture

Answer 27

From bone being weakened from pressure of a tumor or actual tumor

Question 28

Spiral fracture

Answer 28

Curves around bone shaft

Question 29

Oblique fracture

Answer 29

Occurs diagonally or at an oblique angle across bone

Question 30

Longitudinal fracture

Answer 30

Occurs along length of bone

Question 31

Stress fracture

Answer 31

From bone being fractured across cortex (incomplete fracture)

Question 32

Transverse fracture

Answer 32

Bone is fractured horizontally

Question 33

Deressed fracture

Answer 33

Bone is pushed inward

Question 34

What are somecommon complications assosciated with fractures?

Answer 34

``` Impaired neurovascular status Hemorrhage Infection Thromboemboletic complicatoins Acute compartment syndrome Fat embolism syndrome ```

Question 35

Osteomyelitis

Answer 35

Bone infection | Can be acute or chronic

Question 36

S&S of osteomyelitis

Answer 36

``` Fever Inflammtion Tenderness Redness Heat Pain Swelling Pain Ulceration Drainage ```

Question 37

Treatment of osteomyelitis

Answer 37

Antibiotics Surgery may be needed Amputation may be needed

Question 38

NI's of osteomyelitis

Answer 38

Teach about antibiotic therapy | Stertile technique in wound changes (if indicated)

Question 39

Osteoporosis

Answer 39

Low bone mass and deterioration of bone | Results in fragile bone prone to fracture

Question 40

How can you prevent osteoporosis?

Answer 40

Good health/nutritional habits including recommended consumption of calcium and vitamin D, performing exercise, no alcohol, no smoking

Question 41

S&S of osteoporosis

Answer 41

``` Decreased height Back pain Dowager's hump Kyphosis of spine Pain ```

Question 42

Paget's disease is also known as _____ _______

Answer 42

Osteitis deformans

Question 43

Pagets disease

Answer 43

Bone disease | Affects normal bone remodeling which can weaken bone, cause deformity, bone pain, fractures, osteoarthritis

Question 44

S&S of paget's disease

Answer 44

``` Pain (p-=p) Limping Joint stifness Numbness Tingling H/A Vision impariemnt ```

Question 45

Osteosarcoma

Answer 45

Primary malignant tumor of bone

Question 46

What is gout?

Answer 46

Connective tissue disorder | Urate crystals form and deposit in joints

Question 47

S&S of acute gout

Answer 47

``` Inflamed joints Swelling Redness Heat Pain ```

Question 48

S&S of chronic gout

Answer 48

May be no symptoms

Question 49

Lupus

Answer 49

Butterfly rash | Body's immune system doesnt recognize seld

Question 50

S&S of lupus

Answer 50

``` Butterfly rash (red, rasied) Fever Fatigue Arthralgia Ulcers ```

Question 51

Scleroderma

Answer 51

"Hard Skin" | Inflamation that develops fibrosis

Question 52

S&S of sclerodema

Answer 52

``` Pitting edema starting in upper extremities Arthrtis Fatigue Taut, shiny shkin Decreased Rom ```

Question 53

CREST syndrome

Answer 53

``` Calcinosis Raynaud's phenomenon Esophogela dysmotility Sclerodacytyl (scleordema of digits) Telangiectasia ```

Question 54

Osteogenesis imperfecta

Answer 54

Briitle bone disease

Question 55

S&S of osteogensis imperfecta

Answer 55

``` Fragile bones Traingular shaped face Hearing loss Scoliosis Losse joiints Alterations in muscle tone BLue/purple/gray tinted sclera Brittle/discolored teeth Smooth think sking ```

Question 56

Polymyositis

Answer 56

Diffuse inflammation of skeletal muscle, leadingto weakness, atrophy, and degernaration

Question 57

Muscular dystrophy

Answer 57

Group of 9 disorders | Results in loss of muscle tissue and weakness

Question 58

S&S of MD

Answer 58

``` Difficulty walking Muscle weakness Difficulty climbing/raising arms over head Falls Develpmental delays of muscle skills Ptosis Drooling Retardation Contractures Skeletal Deformities ```

Question 59

Osteoarthritis

Answer 59

Primary inflammatory process Degenerative bone disease articular cartilage and bone ends of joint deteriorate

Question 60

S&S of OA

Answer 60

Joint pain (intesnifies after activity) Stiffness Muscle spasms Bony nodes (Heberdens and Bouchards nodes)

Question 61

RA

Answer 61

Inflammatory disease that destroys synovial joints and other connective tissues

Question 62

S&S of RA

Answer 62

``` Inflammation Morning stiffness Low-grade fever Malaise Depression Limphadenopathy Weakness Fatigue Anorexia Weight loss Organs and systems are eventually affected Dry eyes Dry mouths ```

Question 63

Amputation

Answer 63

removal of a body part

Question 64

Replantation

Answer 64

reattatching a body part that has been previously cut off (like a finger cut off by a chainsaw)