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Chapter 46 > Ch. 46 Notes > Flashcards

Ch. 46 Notes Flashcards

1
Q

What is the treatment for soft tissue injuries?

A 
RICE:
Rest
Ice 
Compression
Elevation
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2
Q

What is a strain?

A

Soft tissue injury

Occurs when a muscle or tendon is excessively stretched

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3
Q

What does a mild strain cause?

A

Minimal inflammation
Sweeling
Tenderness

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4
Q

What does a moderate strain cause?

A

Partial tearing of the muscle or tendon fibers
Pain
Inability to move body part

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5
Q

What happens in the case of the most severe strain?

A

Muscle or tendon is ruptured with seperation of muscle form muscle, tendon from muscle, or tendon from bone
Severe pain
Disability

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6
Q

What is a sprain?

A

An excessive stretching of 1 or more ligaments that ususlaly results from a twisting motion

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7
Q

What does a mild sprain involeve?

A

Tearing of just a few ligamnets fibers

Tenderness

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8
Q

What does a moderate sprain involve?

A

MOre fibers are torn

Disconfort with activity

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9
Q

What does a severe sprain involve?

A

Instability of the joint
Requires surgery
Pain
Inflammation

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10
Q

What is a dislocation?

A

common injury where the endsof bones are forced out of normal position

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11
Q

S&S of dislocation

A

Severe pain

Lost ROM

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12
Q

Treatment of dislocation

A

Splint extremity immediately
Ice
Seek help
Do not move extremity

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13
Q

S&S of bursitiis

A

Achy pain
Stiffness
Burning pain (worsens with activity)

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14
Q

What is carpal tunnel syndrome?

A

Compression of the median nerve within the carpal tunnel when swelling occurs

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15
Q

What is carpal tunnel caused from?

A

Swelling from edema, trauma, RA, or RMIs

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16
Q

S&S of carpal tunnel syndrome

A 
Pain
Numbness
Painful tingling
Parestheisas
Fine motor deficits
Muscle weakness
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17
Q

Treatment of carpal tunnel syndrome

A

Splint
Meds (asprine, NSAIDs, cortisone)
Surgery may be needed

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18
Q

NI’s for carpal tunnel syndrome

A 
Education on prevention (short breaks)
Provide analgesic as provided
Routine pre-op and post-op
Pre-op: elevate hand and splint
Teach to report S&S of neruovascular compromise
Assist with ADLs
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19
Q

S&S of neurovascular compromise

A 
Numbness
Tiingling
Coolness
Lack of pulse
Pale skin & nailbeds
Limited movement
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20
Q

What is a fracture?

A

Break in a bone

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21
Q

Avulsion

A

Pice of bone is torn away from the main bone while still attatched to a ligament/tendon

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22
Q

Comminuted fracture

A

Bone is splintered/shattered into lots of fragemetns

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23
Q

Impacted fracture

A

Bone is forced to be pushed together; boone pushed into bone

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24
Q

Greenstick fracture

A

Bone is bent and fractures on the outer arc of bend

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25
Q

Interarticular fracture

A

Involves bone within a joint

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26
Q

Displaced fracture

A

Bone pieces are out of alighment

27
Q

Pathological (neoplastic) fracture

A

From bone being weakened from pressure of a tumor or actual tumor

28
Q

Spiral fracture

A

Curves around bone shaft

29
Q

Oblique fracture

A

Occurs diagonally or at an oblique angle across bone

30
Q

Longitudinal fracture

A

Occurs along length of bone

31
Q

Stress fracture

A

From bone being fractured across cortex (incomplete fracture)

32
Q

Transverse fracture

A

Bone is fractured horizontally

33
Q

Deressed fracture

A

Bone is pushed inward

34
Q

What are somecommon complications assosciated with fractures?

A 
Impaired neurovascular status
Hemorrhage
Infection
Thromboemboletic complicatoins
Acute compartment syndrome
Fat embolism syndrome
35
Q

Osteomyelitis

A

Bone infection

Can be acute or chronic

36
Q

S&S of osteomyelitis

A 
Fever
Inflammtion
Tenderness
Redness
Heat
Pain
Swelling
Pain
Ulceration
Drainage
37
Q

Treatment of osteomyelitis

A

Antibiotics
Surgery may be needed
Amputation may be needed

38
Q

NI’s of osteomyelitis

A

Teach about antibiotic therapy

Stertile technique in wound changes (if indicated)

39
Q

Osteoporosis

A

Low bone mass and deterioration of bone

Results in fragile bone prone to fracture

40
Q

How can you prevent osteoporosis?

A

Good health/nutritional habits including recommended consumption of calcium and vitamin D, performing exercise, no alcohol, no smoking

41
Q

S&S of osteoporosis

A 
Decreased height
Back pain
Dowager's hump
Kyphosis of spine
Pain
42
Q

Paget’s disease is also known as _____ _______

A

Osteitis deformans

43
Q

Pagets disease

A

Bone disease

Affects normal bone remodeling which can weaken bone, cause deformity, bone pain, fractures, osteoarthritis

44
Q

S&S of paget’s disease

A 
Pain (p-=p)
Limping
Joint stifness
Numbness
Tingling
H/A
Vision impariemnt
45
Q

Osteosarcoma

A

Primary malignant tumor of bone

46
Q

What is gout?

A

Connective tissue disorder

Urate crystals form and deposit in joints

47
Q

S&S of acute gout

A 
Inflamed joints
Swelling
Redness
Heat
Pain
48
Q

S&S of chronic gout

A

May be no symptoms

49
Q

Lupus

A

Butterfly rash

Body’s immune system doesnt recognize seld

50
Q

S&S of lupus

A 
Butterfly rash (red, rasied)
Fever
Fatigue
Arthralgia
Ulcers
51
Q

Scleroderma

A

“Hard Skin”

Inflamation that develops fibrosis

52
Q

S&S of sclerodema

A 
Pitting edema starting in upper extremities
Arthrtis
Fatigue
Taut, shiny shkin
Decreased Rom
53
Q

CREST syndrome

A 
Calcinosis
Raynaud's phenomenon
Esophogela dysmotility
Sclerodacytyl (scleordema of digits)
Telangiectasia
54
Q

Osteogenesis imperfecta

A

Briitle bone disease

55
Q

S&S of osteogensis imperfecta

A 
Fragile bones
Traingular shaped face
Hearing loss
Scoliosis
Losse joiints
Alterations in muscle tone
BLue/purple/gray tinted sclera
Brittle/discolored teeth
Smooth think sking
56
Q

Polymyositis

A

Diffuse inflammation of skeletal muscle, leadingto weakness, atrophy, and degernaration

57
Q

Muscular dystrophy

A

Group of 9 disorders

Results in loss of muscle tissue and weakness

58
Q

S&S of MD

A 
Difficulty walking
Muscle weakness
Difficulty climbing/raising arms over head
Falls
Develpmental delays of muscle skills
Ptosis
Drooling
Retardation
Contractures
Skeletal Deformities
59
Q

Osteoarthritis

A

Primary inflammatory process
Degenerative bone disease
articular cartilage and bone ends of joint deteriorate

60
Q

S&S of OA

A

Joint pain (intesnifies after activity)
Stiffness
Muscle spasms
Bony nodes (Heberdens and Bouchards nodes)

61
Q

RA

A

Inflammatory disease that destroys synovial joints and other connective tissues

62
Q

S&S of RA

A 
Inflammation
Morning stiffness
Low-grade fever
Malaise
Depression
Limphadenopathy
Weakness 
Fatigue
Anorexia
Weight loss
Organs and systems are eventually affected
Dry eyes
Dry mouths
63
Q

Amputation

A

removal of a body part

64
Q

Replantation

A

reattatching a body part that has been previously cut off (like a finger cut off by a chainsaw)

Chapter 46 (1 decks)

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